Thursday, September 3, 2020

Nursing Information Expert Essay

Nursing is a calling inside the human services division that centers around ensuring and advancing medicinal services. It includes counteraction of sickness, injury and treatment of human infections. The nursing calling necessitates that data of patients ought to be kept and recorded in a way that can take into consideration appropriate survey of patients. A portion of the assignments that a nursing data master is accused of incorporate conveying and organizing care with all other clinical orders, organizing release arranging, training and showing changes of care. They are likewise entrusted with dealing with all data identified with the nursing procedure and patient consideration conveyance. As per (Gassert’s, 1996), a portion of the jobs of a nursing data master incorporate organization, initiative and the executives, investigation, discussion and exploration assessment. These jobs necessitate that the nursing data master ought to be excellent in data keeping and investigati on. Proficient medical caretakers use data and information in ordinary practice not exclusively to increase the value of different wellbeing associations yet additionally to improve them. A portion of the manners by which expert medical caretakers use data and information to improve result incorporate examining clinical and money related information, elevating and encouraging access to assets and references, giving substance to normalized dialects and improving connections among suppliers and beneficiaries of medicinal services (Clifford, 2001). Innovation is the assortment of devices, for example, apparatus, adjustments, game plans and techniques utilized by people to cultivate their day by day exercises in different fields. There has been a colossal development in innovation in the social insurance area. (Henneman, 2010) states that innovation in the intense and basic consideration setting is normally likened with gadgets, for example, bedside screens, automated supplier request section (CPOE), bar-coding gadgets, mechanical ventilators, dialysis machines, purpose of-care testing, ventricular help gadgets, and mechanized data frameworks. The sort of innovation accordingly required for the consideration of every individual patient is critical to the recuperation and the strength of a patient. The examination of data and information has been made extremely simple for the medical caretakers through the innovation that has affected emphatically in the wellbeing area. It is the mix of innovation and treatment of data that has achieved the decrease in death rates in different wellbeing associations. References Clifford, C. and. (2001). Pre-and post-test assessment of an undertaking to encourage research. Diary of Advanced Nursing. Gassert’s, P. a. (1996). Data Management in Nursing and Health Care. Guidelines of training and groundwork for confirmation., 280-287. Henneman, E. A. (2010). Persistent Safety and Technology. Tolerant Safety and Technology.

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Christianity & Intelligence Essay examples -- Sociology Sociological R

Christianity and Intelligence Reed College has been broadly viewed as a grounds with an expert nonbeliever opinion and an enemy of strict standpoint of the world. Shirts that show the seal of the school publicize secularism as an idea of central significance. The point of this mental investigation was to decide if understudies of Reed College certainly connected Christianity with unintelligence and agnosticism with knowledge. Various Implicit Association Tests (IAT’s) have been utilized to decide if individuals have hidden predispositions toward specific racial or social gatherings. In view of the speed of reactions when related with some ethnic gathering, one can decide exactly what kind of shrouded predispositions may exist in the psyche of the subject. Particularly captivating for this situation is the possibility that Christians might be translated as less wise than agnostics on Reed’s grounds. How does this understanding, if present, influence assorted variety at Reed and the acknowledgment of different social and strict gatherings? Is there a specific degree to which people who value strict convictions are overlooked because of their relationship with Christianity? The objective of this investigation is to make an assurance regarding whether there is a relationship with insight and confidence in a Christian God. This investigation will decide if this affiliation, if existent, is express or verifiable, or both. Utilizing an IAT, we will give different words related secularism and Christianity notwithstanding words related with insight and ineptitude. My speculation is that there will be a sure level of fundamental predisposition that sees Christians as less astute people than nonbelievers. The members for this investigation were twelve understudies in the Intro Psycholog... ...sick feel less greeting here. In this way, strict and scholarly decent variety are controlled because of different understood and unequivocal affiliations. It is to some degree consoling to realize that the exploration was constrained in the way that lone a little example size could be taken. Maybe if a whole example of the grounds could have been estimated, we would have the option to locate the immediate ramifications of the exploration. As it occurs, it would be intriguing to examine and investigate different modes that may restrain decent variety at Reed. Is there an understood relationship with Republicans and non-knowledge? Do Reedies esteem the assessments of individuals from various social and ethnic gatherings less through understood or even express affiliations? What's more, does this convey an immediate impact on those keen on registering at the school? These inquiries would be intriguing to investigate in future trial of affiliation.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Pakistan and Afghanistan Essay -- Politics, War, Turmoil

From the 1980’s onwards, Pakistan and Afghanistan have been at the bleeding edge of various socio-political occasions apropos to the ascent of Islamic fundamentalism. The diverse elements included structure a baffling trap of contending stories that oppose direct clarification. This exposition will dive into the milieu, looking for elective hypotheses to develop a fitting proposition for the development of fundamentalism. In doing as such, it will look at the Islamisation approaches of Pakistan’s Zia-ul-Haq organization and its harmoniousness with United States interests at that point. Specific center will be given to the Afghanistan †Pakistan dyad and how the ongoing return of worldwide powers propagates the conditions that permit Islamic fundamentalism to flourish. As an express whose head raison d'ã ªtre is for the security of Muslims, Pakistan had generally battled with characterizing what its Islamic command involved. Showing up in power by means of an upset d’ã ©tat, Zia-ul-Haq utilized religion to accomplish mainstream authenticity, organizing Islamic change as a misleading misrepresentation for making sure about force (Kennedy 1990: 73). Correspondingly, the Soviet attack of Afghanistan cemented the job of Islamic legislative issues, with Zia-ul-Haq displaying an unmistakable inclination for radical gatherings as a stabilizer to socialist philosophy (Fuller 1991: 11). The most noticeable indication of sneaking strictness showed up in 1982 with the assertion that â€Å"national dress† and Islamic investigations were required for government representatives (Cohen 1988: 314). Hidden this change, the administration financed the extension of an undeniably extreme madrasa based training framework - with the goal to change the di scretionary scene and lift support for Islamic gatherings (Nasr 2000: 147). Through th... ...ndamentalists who challenge at the state’s very presence, we can opine that Pakistan may as of now have crossed the Rubicon. This article has explained that Pakistan and Afghanistan are a state of combination for a reiteration of fizzled, seemingly idiotic approaches by both the central heroes and outside interests. All things considered, the ascent of Islamic fundamentalism speaks to the coherent endpoint for a variety of arrangements that prepared radical strict authoritative opinion to accomplish geostrategic targets. Significantly, the miserable disappointment of all required to disband and reintegrate those powers into a genuine Afghan state has demonstrated catastrophic in its results. With late worldwide intercession supporting the ideological wellsprings of fundamentalism and with the nexus of flimsiness spreading profound into Pakistan, the proceeded with noticeable quality of Islamic fundamentalism seems inescapable.

'Discuss the geochemical cycle of the element sulfur' Essay

'Examine the geochemical pattern of the component sulfur' - Essay Example Sulfur happens in nature and it is likewise present in coal, raw petroleum, flammable gas, oil shale and numerous different minerals. The most plentiful of all sulfur is a compound of sulfur and iron called pyrite. Sulfur cycle is a significant biogeochemical pattern of centrality to atmosphere and life on the planet earth. Living things require certain protected, low degrees of this supplement. It is a fundamental segment of proteins and amino acids. All plants and creatures require modest quantities of sulfur to live. Plants acquire sulfur structure soil. Numerous nourishments from plants including cabbage, onion, and soybean flour are wealthy in sulfur. Methionine a substance required in the human eating regimen additionally contains sulfur. It is additionally present in the nourishments, for example, eggs, dairy items and meats. In nature sulfur exists in different structures, for example, essential sulfur, sulfides, sulfites, sulfates, oxides of sulfur, and so on. Anyway the lion's share fundamentally happens as natural sulfur, sulfides and sulfates. Early earth biological systems with all around created sulfur cycles flourishing in conditions getting decreased sulfur gases (and H2) from the mantle. Such conditions may incorporate recycling aqueous frameworks as found in regions of sea hull arrangement and spots of dynamic earthbound volcanism. These situations were likely thermophilic to hyperthermophilic with essential creation happening by anaerobic photosynthesis when light was accessible. Without light, natural issue creation happened by chemolithoautotrophic digestion systems using H2 as the electron contributor and oxidized species, for example, basic sulfur (shaping H2S) or carbon dioxide (framing methane) as the electron acceptors. Natural mixes were oxidized by the decrease of basic sulfur and sulfate (chemoheterotrophic digestion systems), just as by the maturation of acetic acid derivation, delivering methane. Essential sulfur was delivered by the response somewhere in the range of H2S and SO2, while anaerobic photosynthesis was a significant wellspring of sulfate. The advancement of

Friday, August 21, 2020

Social Network Free Essays

One approach to comprehend long range informal communication locales like Facebook and MySpace is to consider that more youthful advanced locals are not really being free wheelers when they post photos of themselves and offer individual subtleties there. Rather, these clients are carrying on with an actual existence where cognizance is spread out uniformly more than two stages: reality and the Web. As opposed to feeling schizophrenic or by one way or another neurotic, computerized locals comprehend that these two domains separate the self much as discourse and the composed word isolate language, a division that people have lived with for quite a while without going bonkers. We will compose a custom paper test on Informal organization or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now (Sarah Frere-Jones, â€Å"Living on the Radio,† The New Yorker, April 20, 2009) Assignment: Do informal communication destinations, for example, Facebook and MySpace upgrade a youthful person’s public activity or fill in as a substitute for a genuine public activity? Form an article wherein you build up your perspective on this subject. Bolster your situation with contentions and models drawn from your perusing, studies, understanding, and perceptions. **http://sentence structure. about. com/od/developingessays/a/SATtopic1. htm The motivation behind this paper is to present, talk about, and investigate the subject of long range informal communication. Explicitly it will talk about the effect of the long range informal communication site Facebook on today’s society. Facebook has become a marvel for the interpersonal interaction set, and makes that so astounding that Facebook didn't exist until 2004. Three undergrads made it to permit different understudies to network and meet one another, and it has gotten on with youngsters around the world. What effect does Facebook have on today’s innovatively propelled society? It permits individuals who most likely could never have met each other face to face to impart, it makes new connections and fellowships, and it places separation between individuals who could convey face to face yet rather decide to impart on the web. It is simply one more component of society that is keen on offering data to the closeness of a nearby, individual relationship. Facebook is simply a mechanism for correspondence, but then, it is far beyond that. Initially, a client can take in everything from what sexual orientation a Facebook part is, to what religion they put stock in, what school they join in, and their preferences, all with the snap of a mouse. Step by step instructions to refer to Social Network, Essay models

Wednesday, August 12, 2020

How to Budget When You Have Irregular Income

How to Budget When You Have Irregular Income How to Budget When You Have Irregular Income How to Budget When You Have Irregular IncomeBudgeting is difficult enough when you have the same income every month, but folks with irregular or seasonal income might as well be budgeting on hard mode.Budgeting can be a real pain. It not only means spending less money on things, but it also means taking time out of your busy day to craft and track your budgetâ€"time you’d probably rather spend doing almost anything else.But while it can be annoying to spend an hour or two elbows-deep in spreadsheets, budgeting can be downright infuriating if you don’t have a regular income.At a basic level, making a budget means writing down all your income and expenses each month, and then figuring out what you can cut down on. That’s a lot more difficult to do if you don’t have the same income every month.Do you average your income out across the year? What about the months where you’ll inevitably come up short? On the other hand, if you base your budget off the month in which you get the least amount of income in any given year, you might not be getting an accurate picture either.So how can you budget if you have different income month to month? We spoke to the experts to find out!Use a big sample size.While just averaging out multiple months of income isn’t a silver bullet of budgeting, it is a good place to start. Just make sure you have a big enough sample size.“The most important aspect to budgeting on an irregular income is forecasting and projecting as closely as possible,” Kelan Kline of  The Savvy Couple (@TheSavvyCouple   )told us. “Whether you are a business owner, car salesman, or work a job with flexible hours, you should be able to calculate your projected earnings.“As you go it will get easier because you have a larger sample size to pull data from. You can start tracking your ‘six-month earnings’ which will help better project your future earnings.”This is especially important if your job is seasonal in nature.Here’s an example from business consultant Ken “Mr. Biz” Wentworth (@MrBizTweets):“The key to overcoming seasonal/cyclical income is to develop your budget based on history. For example, if your business is seasonal, you can determine the average of your total annual revenue that occurs for each month of the year.Too often, people get lazy and straight-line their budget. That produces an almost useless budget. You can’t make informed decisions if you don’t accurately know how you’re trending vs. your annual target.“If you ignore seasonality with a $1.2 million annual goal, you will project a monthly revenue goal of $100k. However, what if you run a northern business that is dependent upon the weather? Something such as a lawn care company. Most northern climate lawn care companies make the bulk of their revenues in the April through September timeframe. So, January through March are SLOW months.Without including cyclicality in your budget, at the end of March you would expect to have $300K in revenue ($1.2 million / 12 months = 100k per month). However, you have $0 in revenue! You would be ready to jump off the nearest tall building because you are $300K behind! That scenario does not account for the seasonality in your business.“On the flip side, what if your business made the majority of its revenue in the winter months?Let’s say through the end of March you have accumulated $450K of revenue. If you just use the straight-line method, you will be popping champagne bottles because you will think you are 50 percent ahead of budget:Straight-line budget through March = $300K of revenueActual revenue = $450K$150K above a $300K budget = 50 percent on the plus side!“In this scenario, you are about to head into several months with no revenue. Let’s say April through October don’t amount to any revenue. Put another wayâ€"you need to earn all of your $1.2 million in annual revenue during November-March. That’s just five months!While this is a bit of an extreme exam ple, these types of cyclical scenarios do exist. Depending on your industry, it may even be prevalent.”Figure out what you can cut.Once you have a good picture of your budget, it’s time to figure out where you can make cuts.“When budgeting from paycheck to paycheck, you need to establish exactly what outgoing expenditure you cannot cut from your budget,” advised Kraig Martin, commercial director at Storage Vault (@storagevault). “This includes basics like rent, utilities, travel, and food.Next, make a separate list of regular expenditures that aren’t classed as essential, whether this is meeting up for coffee with friends or your Netflix subscription. When you get paid, you will clearly be able to prioritize expenditures.”Emergency fund, emergency fund, emergency fund.Having an emergency fund is important no matter your financial situation. We’ve mentioned it a few times before. But it’s all the more important if you aren’t certain of what your next paycheck will bring, or if this month will even have a paycheck.“You need to establish a larger emergency savings fund,” explained CPA  Riley Adams  (@TheRiles89). “Ideally, you’d have a six-month cushion to cover your bare necessities. However, because of the unpredictability of your income, you might wish to budget for 9-12 months of expenses to add some cushion.”Kline echoed the emergency fund advice: “As always its important to have a little buffer in your budget and even more important to have an emergency fund set up when your income dips from time to time.”Even if you have a regular income, you should be putting money into an emergency fund as often as you can. Otherwise, you could end up relying  on predatory payday loans or cash advances when faced with an unforeseen expense. Thats definitely something you want to avoid!Whatever you do, stay disciplined.It can be easy to get a few good months in a row and think you can loosen up your budget a little. But that’s not a gre at path to go down.“Another trick is to fight lifestyle inflation if you get a few good months of income in a row,” warned Adams. “It can be deceiving and make you think this newfound income level is here to stay.A best practice would be to average your previous 12 months of expenses and use that as your baseline spend. This fights the urge to spend more when you’re making more.”Having an irregular income is like playing the budget game on hard mode. But with practice, you too can get the high score!Dont let poor budgeting be the reason you have to turn to no credit check loans and bad credit loans when times get tough. To learn more about budgeting, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:A Beginner’s Guide to BudgetingNew Year, New Budget: 7 Tips to Help You Budget Better This YearHow to Save Money When You’re Already on a Tight Budget10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousDo you have a question about budgeting youd like us to answer?  Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsRiley Adams (@TheRiles89) is a licensed CPA in the state of Louisiana working as a Senior Financial Analyst for a Fortune 500 company in New Orleans. He has a personal finance blog dedicated to helping young professionals find financial independence at YoungAndTheInvested.com.Kelan and Brittany Kline aka The Savvy Couple  are two thriving millennials that are daring to live differently. They started their personal finance blog  in September 2016 to help others get money $avvy so they can live a frugal and free lifestyle. Brittany is a full-time 4th-grade teacher and Kelan runs The Savvy Couple full-time and works as a digital marketer. You can follow them here:  Facebook,  Twitter,  Pinterest, and  Instagram.Kraig Martin is the Commercial Director at  Storage Vault (@storagevault), one of Scotland’s largest self-storage companies. He is passionate about being money-smart, and, through this role, he has developed and refined his financial management skills, monitoring the company’s turnover, profit, and budgeting.Ken “Mr. Biz” Wentworth (@MrBizTweets) is a strategic business partner who works with small business owners to help them operate more profitably and more efficiently. You can learn more at MrBizSolutions.com.

Sunday, June 21, 2020

What are the changes in the new SAT

Students taking the SAT in the spring of 2016 will encounter a beast of a different kind. The College Board has decided to redesign the SAT based on feedback from various quarters. Close observers have linked the change to rising ACT numbers. In any case, the redesigned SAT will see a lot more changed compared to the current SAT. Changes in the new SAT: Exam structure – While the current SAT had three sections, the redesigned SAT will see only two sections – Evidence-based Reading Writing and Math. The exam will return to the 1600-point scale from the current 2400-point scale. There will be no penalties for wrong answers. Moreover, the exam will be available in both paper and digital formats. Essays – Starting 2016, the essay section will become optional in nature. The optional essay will be 50 minutes long. The exam will last 3 hours without the essay and 4 hours including the essay. The essay score will also be reported separately. The essay will require students to analyze an existing argument through evidence. Relevant vocabulary – The new SAT will do away with the need to memorize tons of words and their meanings. The new vocabulary will test more relevant words and in the context of their usage. Evidence-based answers – Earlier, students had to choose from one of the multiple choice answers to showcase their understanding of the text. Now, in the evidence-based reading writing section, they will have to include a quote that best supports the answer they have chosen for a particular question. Math section – The maths section will focus on problem solving and data analysis, heart of algebra and passport to advanced math. The first section includes ratio, proportions and percentages. Heart of algebra deals with linear equations and systems whereas the last one tests understanding of complex equations. In addition, the exam may also include some geometry and trigonometry problems. Calculators will also be banned for some portion of this section. Reading passages – When students take the new SAT, they will find a passage from one of the founding documents such as Declaration of independence, The Bill of Rights, among others or from global conversations. Analysis will span a wide range of areas – Across the new SAT, students can expect a wide range of texts and graphics that can span a wide range of areas such as science, history and social studies. Begin Your SAT Prep

Saturday, May 23, 2020

The Resurgence Of The Ku Klux Klan - 1890 Words

The goal of this investigation is to delve into the question of: to what extent was the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s a reflection of societal change? In order to assess this question from multiple perspectives on the topic, research is needed to further look into the Klan’s motives both prior to their revival as well as after. Events in the 1870s, when the Klan ended, as well as events in the 1920s, when the klan was reborn, will be considered in this investigation in order to make connections between the KKK and why their revival in the 1920s reflected societal change. Among these events include the end of Reconstruction, the Progressive Era, increase of immigration to the United States, as well as the â€Å"red scare† of communism. Summary of Evidence History of the Ku Klux Klan Founded by six men as a social club in 1865. (Bartoletti, 41) Created the Ku Klux Klan in order to create a secret empire powerful enough to overthrow Republican rule and battle Reconstruction policies. The Klan was later deemed a paramilitary organization. (Bartoletti, 44) The first meeting was organized in Nashville with the intention to â€Å"develop the principles that would guide all dens†. They did so in a secret constitution in which they called a Prescript. In this document, they recognized the supremacy of the â€Å"Divine Being† while also acknowledging the supreme laws of the United States government. The klan referred to themselves in the prescript by using two asterisks - ** -Show MoreRelatedKu Klux Kl A Barbaric Crusade864 Words   |  4 PagesKu Klux Klan: A Barbaric Crusade One must feel lucky to be born in the United States during this time period. Before the 1990’s, there were a lot going on, from the Revolutionary War to the Vietnam War. None of these would have happened, if either side were not rebellious. However, one incident, which changed the topic of discrimination in America, was the Ku Klux Klan’s activities which ranged from kidnapping to lynching. Despite the fact that Ku Klux Klan was founded by Christians, the same organizationRead MoreThe Resurgence Of The Kkk944 Words   |  4 PagesThe Resurgence of the KKK Racism has been deep-rooted in American history. Racism that arose in the 1920s involved infamous race riots, lynching, the Sweet Case, and the rise of the Ku Klux Klan. However, out of all these other factors, the Ku Klux Klan has left a huge impact on American history. To begin, there were many ways to show racism but, race riots were most common. One of the most famous race riots happened in Tulsa, Oklahoma. On the thirty first of May till the first of June in 1921Read MoreExplore the Reasons for the Resurgence of the Klu Klux Klan in 1920s America1535 Words   |  7 PagesExplore the reasons for the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan movement in 1920s America and the political changes it caused. In the 1920s North America experienced a huge rise in immigrants from black, Hispanic and Jewish backgrounds. For the most part they settled in slums, took on poorly paid work and lived lives far removed from most white middle class families. Many traditional northern and southern white Americans were uneasy with this sudden influx and it helped create social tension, particularlyRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ku Klux Klan A cult is a type of religious organization that stands apart from the larger society. These groups often have a charismatic leader and they create their own radical beliefs. A cult that is very widespread in the United States and claims to be largely apparent throughout the world is the Ku Klux Klan or the KKK. The Ku Klux Klan is a cult that claims to be promotersRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan And The Civil Rights Movement1411 Words   |  6 PagesFounded in 1866, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican party’s reconstruction-era polices aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks. Its members waged an unseen war of intimidation and violence directed at white and black republican leaders. Through congress passed legislation designed to stop and contain Klan terrorism, the organization saw its primary goal fulfilled throughRead MoreWhat Did The Ku Klux Klan Reach Their Goals, Both Social And Political, During The Reconstruction Period2012 Words   |  9 PagesCriterion A: Identification and evaluation of sources: This investigation will evaluate the question: to what extent did the Ku Klux Klan reach their goals, both social and political, during the reconstruction period from its birth in 1866 to 1877? This essay will first determine the social and political goals of the Klan, than analyze how successful they were in attaining them. The source that proved most useful during the research process for this paper was the non-fiction White Terror by AllenRead MoreTheu.s. Ku Klux Klan Essay2443 Words   |  10 Pagesmodern international terrorist organizations. In fact, the oldest American terror group reached its 150th anniversary just last year – The Ku Klux Klan (cite). The Ku Klux Klan, often referred to as the KKK, was born in the small town of Pulaski, Tennessee (cite). The group’s name is derived from the Greek word kuklos, which means â€Å"group or band† (cite). The Klan was founded in December of 1865, by a group of six college men that were also former Confederate soldiers. Initially, the group was startedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The South2132 Words   |  9 Pagesfreedom that they deserved. Everyday they endured ridicule and were turned away from things that Americans now take for granted. One of the biggest groups was the Ku Klux Klan. Using many forms of scare tactics, threats, and even killing many activists, children and innocent people in order to try and stand in the way of victory. The Ku Klux Klan had been created by confederate veterans who believed that the South should have never changed and believed in a social order of a white supreme race. The KKKRead MorePolitical Cartoons By John Mitchell Jr.1546 Words   |  7 Pages16 shot Winchester rifle in the hands of a dead shot Negro who has nerve enough to pull the trigger† is written on John Mitchell Jr.’s headstone . Mitchell was a vigilante. He used his power as editor to fight segregation, lynching, and the Klu Klux Klan. Mitchell was threatened to be hung many times. After reporting on the lynching of an African American man in Charlotte County, Mitchell was sent a rope with a note attached to it in the mail. If Mitchell ever stepped foot in Charlotte County, heRead MoreThe Birth Of A Nation1188 Words   |  5 PagesBirth of a Nation, arguably one of the most ambiguous names in the history of cinema, is only about to get more complex and chaotic. The Birth of a Nation was originally the title of D.W. Griffith’s 1915 racist propaganda film about the rise of the Ku Klux Klan who â€Å"saved† the South from being dictated by blacks during the Reconstruction era when the North tried to rebuild the South after the Civil War. Now, that title poises a new movie written, directed, produced, and starring actor Nate Parker that

Monday, May 18, 2020

When a Man Loves a Woman Essay - 501 Words

When A Man Loves A Woman This is a movie that has many real-life relationship problems in it. Alice, the main character has an alcohol problem and because of her problem, she puts her entire family through many hard times. There are four things that can harm a relationship the most, and all of them are done by Alice. At first Alice starts to criticize Alex. She gives him a hard time for many things, including his character. She is hurtful in telling him that he is not doing the right things and that he is making situations worse. She then goes into a state of contempt. She raises her voice, blows smoke in his face, as if she were disgusted by him and goes out of her way to make snide comments. She is using this tactic so much†¦show more content†¦She becomes very reactive and unapologetic. Her final step in harming her marriage is stonewalling. Alice starts to pull away from Michael and his love. He wants to help her, but she is not ready to accept that yet. She makes is dif ficult for the entire family to heal by doing this. She becomes withdrawn and pushes away those who love her. These things are very are very apparent in this couple’s relationship. The communication between the two main characters in this movie was poor. Many things may have been avoided if situations were just talked about differently. If Alice had been able to send â€Å"I-Messages† to Michael things may have gone a bit smoother. As an alcoholic it is not always easy to tell others your true feelings. She needed to tell Michael how she felt, believed and wanted from their relationship. Also if Michael could have been more responsive to Alice and her emotions. It takes a lot of understanding to deal with substance abusers and he tries his best, but that was not the only thing he should have done. He needed to give Alice more feedback. Alcoholics need praise, almost like children. They need to know that the other person is receiving the message and understands where th ose feelings are coming from. They both need to work on being assertive. It is a great thing when two people can communicate with each other but theShow MoreRelatedWhen A Man Loves A Woman1190 Words   |  5 Pages When a Man Loves a Woman Movie Media Review Taylor Drake University of Maryland University College The codependent person works hard to control the behavior of their partner and, in doing so forgets what the roles and responsibilities are of each person in the relationship. When the relationship roles and responsibilities become blurred due to codependency, the relationship has just became one sided and could lead to over attachment or abuse which then can become an emotionallyRead MoreWhen a Man Loves a Woman809 Words   |  4 PagesBustillo Reaction Paper â€Å"The Notebook† At first, when the movie showed the past details of the characters, it was boring. You cannot appreciate the movie if you don’t reach the end part. It portrayed an old man whose love to her wife is measured till eternity. Love was a never ending journey. Loving her wife is part of his life. As long as his heart is still beating, love still survives. To his last breath, he still shared his love to her wife. The setting of the film was also anRead MoreThe Movie When A Man Loves A Woman 1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie ‘When a Man Loves a Woman’ is a 1994 romantic drama that portrays a married couple where the wife, Alice Green (a school counselor), displays alcohol use abuse (â€Å"When a Man Loves a Woman†, n.d.). According to the movie’s Wikipedia page, the main character that displays alcoholism is actress, Meg Ryan and her husband, whom is a pilot, in the movie is actor, Andy Garcia. Together they raised two daughters. One day Alice arrived home really drunk and became violent. Due to that behavior,Read MoreAnalysis Of When A Man Loves A Woman 1196 Words   |  5 PagesIn the film, When a Man Loves a Woman, Meg Ryan plays the character Alice Green. Alice is a wife, mother, and school counselor. She is married to the handsome and consistently dependable airline pilot, Michael, played by Andy Garcia. The film illustrates how alcoholism affects a family. Despite the fact that Alice is an exciting and fun person, she is often reckless when drunk and very negligent to her children. She has a difficult relationship with her mom, and alluded that her dad drank excessivelyRead MoreThe Movie When A Man Loves A Woman870 Words   |  4 Pages The movie When A Man Loves A Woman depicts the journey of Alice, a mom, wife, and alcoholic as she comes to term with her disease, and seeks treatment. At the beginning of the movie, it is not easy to tell that Alice does in fact struggle with alcohol addiction. She is a lively and energetic lady that has a large sense of humor that seems to be equally shared with her husband, Michael. As the movie progresses, it shows the fear and worry that her oldest daughter, Jess, has about her mother andRead MoreFamily Dynamics : When A Man Loves A Woman Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesFamily Dynamics: When a Man Loves a Woman The movie When a Man Loves a Woman is about a couple and how their lives and the lives of their two young girls change because of addiction. The article entitled Family Functioning in Families with Alcohol and Other Drug Addictions talks about four major themes that are present in families that suffer from addiction. This paper will look at the family dynamics of the Green family from When a Man Loves a Woman and also discuss how the research results fromRead MoreMovie Analysis : When A Man Loves A Woman889 Words   |  4 Pages Released in the summer of 1994, the movie â€Å"When a Man Loves a Women† produced by Touchstone Pictures’ producer Jon Avnet created a film that touches on a female alcoholic. This film included stars like Meg Ryan, Andy Garcia, and Lauren Tom. An airline pilot played by Garcia as Michael and his wife Alice portrayed by Ryan are forced to deal with her alcoholism. Within this family it includes that of her two children and the nanny (Laure n Tom). The film offers several hinting scenes to Alice’sRead MoreSonnet 30 Analysis934 Words   |  4 PagesMisleading Love Although love can be kind and beautiful, it can cause some people to become blind and follow their hearts rather than think with their mind. â€Å"Sonnet 30† by Edmund Spenser dramatizes the conflict of a man’s burning desire to be with a woman who has no interest in him. Edmund Spenser uses the metaphorical comparisons of dramatically opposites, fire and ice. The man is fire, who is obsessed for this ice cold hearted woman, which returns nothing. The poem explains why this man can’t getRead MoreEssay about Copmaring Shakespeares Sonnets 116 and 1471489 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeares Sonnets 116 and 147 Light/Dark. Comfort/Despair. Love/Hate. These three pairs of words manage to sum up William Shakespeares Sonnet 116 and Sonnet 147, while also demonstrating the duality of Shakespeares heart. Sonnet 116 reveals to a careful reader the aspects of Shakespeares concept of what ideal love is. However, Sonnet 147 shows the danger of believing in this ideal form of love. These two sonnets perfectly complement and clarify each other while alsoRead MoreA Story About The Body946 Words   |  4 Pages A Story About The Body is about a man who think he has fallen in love with an almost sixty-year-old woman. Both the younger man and the woman work at an artist’s colony during the summer. The woman was a Japanese painter, and the man was a composer. The woman’s art captivated the man, the way she moved her body and her hands. It states, â€Å"He loved her work, and her work was like the way she moved her body, used her hands, looked at him directly when she made amused and c onsidered answers to his questions

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

New Public Management Essay - 2564 Words

New Public Management Public sector reforms adopted in a number of countries such as USA, UK and New Zealand in the last fifteen years and characterised by efficiency units, performance management, contracting out, market type mechanisms, and agency status have come to be known as the New Public Management or NPM. Appearance of the NPM as shifting the paradigm from the old traditional model of administration has been promoted by a remarkable degree of consensus among the political leadership of various countries and is presented today as the major tool for public sector management reforms. The elements of NPM have been implemented in diverse forms in different countries depending on their historical nature of bureaucracy and public†¦show more content†¦THE NEW ZEALAND MODEL OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT The proponents of the New Public Management have often identified New Zealand as a good example of this contemporary mode of administrative reform called NPM. New Zealand has implemented an enormous number and range of management reforms since 1988. These include accrual basis accounting and appropriations. Budgeting for outputs rather than inputs, separation of service delivery functions from advisory and regulatory functions, replacing permanent department heads with chief executives appointed for a fixed term, discretion for managers to spend their operating budgets as they deem fit, individual employment contracts for most senior managers, annual purchase agreements between ministers and their departments, annual reports, and audited financial and performance statements (Schick 1998:2). Every element of reform has been designed to establish or strengthen contract-like relationship between the government and ministers as purchasers of goods and services, and departments and other entities as suppliers. This ‘new contractualism’ replaced the relational contracts that characterise traditional public administration (Schick 1998:3). Managerial reform is based on a simple principle: managers cannot be held responsible forShow MoreRelatedNew Public Management ( Npm )1383 Words   |  6 PagesNew Public Management (NPM) was developed in response to some criticisms of the public sector. One of them is to make the public sector more financially accountable since they need to demonstrate to the government who provides them funding, that the money is being put into good use. They also need to ensure efficient resource allocation (Peyton) because resources are limited yet there is an increase in expectations and demands. For example, number of public hospitals and medical expertise may beRead MoreAdministration and New Public Management3752 Words   |  16 PagesProfessor, Public Administration, Tarbiat Modarres University, (TMU), Tehran, Iran. Email: hdanaee@modares.ac.ir The Streaks of New Public Management in Iranian Governmental Sector in the Frame of Privatization Policy Hassan Danaeefard1*, Seyed Mahdi Alvani2 and Mohammad Reza Noruzi3 1.Associate Professor, Public Administration, Tarbiat Modarres University, (TMU), Tehran, Iran 2.Professor, Public Administration, Allame Tabatabaee University, Tehran, Iran 3.EMBA, PhD candidate, Public Sector PolicyRead MoreThe New Public Management ( Npm ) Essay3668 Words   |  15 Pagesas market remains our focus of attention. Inception New public management (NPM) is basically management techniques and practices come from private sector. Now it is a global phenomenon. NPM emphasizes actually on shifting the traditional public administration to new public management. The key elements of NPM including various forms of decentralization within the public sector, the creation of autonomous agencies, reducing corruption in public administration, budgeting digitally, market focused economyRead MoreThe New Public Management Approach to Regulations626 Words   |  3 Pagesentrepreneurial politics, and social factors. Obviously, government agencies have a strong on hold on many of the decisions made here in America through regulations. Since we understand the synopsis of government regulations, lets look at how New Public Management approach to regulations. The differentiation between NPM and traditional managerial approach is staggering. The text does a fantastic job in describing the contrast between the two, â€Å"That a ruthless and efficient investigation and enforcementRead MoreFunding Infertility Treatment: The Impact of New Public Management.772 Words   |  3 Pagesthough one in six Canadian couples is define as infertilities the majority of Canada’s provincial governments do not fund infertility treatment through their health plans. Section one will examine New Public Management style of public administration. This section will look at why New Public Management developed. Who was the first government to use NPM. The benefits and cons of NPM. Section two will look at the economical side effect of NPM and lack of publicly funding IVF. This section will examineRead More New Public Management and Decision Making in UK Public Policy1424 Words   |  6 Pagesof New Public Management has impacted on decision making in UK public policy. New Public Management is generally used to describe a management culture that emphasises upon the citizen or customer as being central, as well as having accountability for results. It also suggests organizational structures and promotes decentralized control, many different types of service delivery mechanisms, including quasi-markets with public and private service providers competing for resources. New PublicRead MoreIct And The New Public Management Principles Long Term Action1889 Words   |  8 Pagesway. First and foremost, since the1980s, the liberalization and privatization of transport services has been fiercely discussed in many European countries and concluded with new combinations of public–private arrangements(Weber et al., 2014).this contribution of diminish role in public sector is from the New Public Management principles long term action. Since more than twenty years we can observe a shift in the European that a stronger part now private sector provided in transport services. TrafficRead MoreNew Public Management : The Case Of Police Department3203 Words   |  13 Pages New Public Management; the case of U.S Police Department Name: University: Faculty: Professor: Date: Abstract The purpose of this research paper was to understand the new public management (NPM), its writers and/or inventors and its applicability to the U.S police department. The design and methodological approach for this paper was in such a way that, it reviewed the various literature and history that existed concerning the use and application of this theory on public departments,Read MoreThe New Public Of Public Management796 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Public Service draws motivation from democratic political theory and alternative approaches to management and organizational design growing from the tradition in public administration theory. The government fulfills a responsibility to citizens because they ensure that there are procedures to guarantee successful operation of democratic principles through voting, representation and due process (Catlaw Denhardt, 2015, 2011, 2008). As citizens we have the role of developing the capacity toRead More2. What is â€Å"New Public Managementà ¢â‚¬Å¸? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this trend for the delivery of human services? What are its implications for non-government welfare organisations?2086 Words   |  9 Pages The early 1980s and 1990s saw the emergence of New Public Management (NPM) theory of running public organizations. This concept originated from the UK and USA during the times of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Regan. It has since been implemented in other OECD countries like Canada and New Zealand. In Australia NPM was introduced by the Hawke-Keating Governments (1983-96) and extended by the Howard Government (1996-2007). The governments of the time, increasingly under political pressure to

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Comparison Between Schools And Prisons - 1732 Words

Schools Vs Prisons The United States prison population has grown from approximately 500,000 to 2.3 million people in three decades. The us spends almost $70 billion dollars yearly to put adults in prison and jails. They also put 7.3 million people on probation and parole. California has the largest prison population rate in the country, with more than 170,000 people behind bars. More than a billion dollars is spent every year to incarcerate people from a community in Los Angeles . 40% of students expelled from schools each year are black. 70% of students are involved in â€Å"in school† arrest. 2 x black and latino students are twice as likely to not graduate than white students 68% of all males in federal prison do not have a high school diploma The yearly cost to incarcerate one child is $88,000 and the yearly cost of public education for one child is $10,600 The school-to-prison pipeline is exactly how it sounds it is a system that pushes students out of classrooms and into jail. In kensington droup outs , unemployment, Poverty, and Crime 13,000 young adults between the ages 20 - 24 3,000 high school dropouts 23 philadelphia schools were closed Pennsylvania spends at least 463.8 million more on prisons than schools. Benefits to students Free health care (no) Internet access (yes) Weight room (no) Cable television (no) Access to library (yes) Free sports programs (no) Computer lab (yes) Laundry services (yes) Funding to earn a degree (no) free housing (no) threeShow MoreRelatedA Brief Comparison of Jails and Prisons785 Words   |  3 PagesBrief Comparison of Jails Prisons A Brief Comparison of Jails Prisons It is common knowledge that one of the primary penalties of violating the law is incarceration. Civilians, those who are not in the business of law enforcement, and even some professionals in the criminal justice field, throw around the terms jail and prison quite often, using them interchangeably. Jails and prisons are not the same. This paper will elucidate some of the primary differences between jails and prisons as wellRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Offenders988 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile crime is at its lowest level since 1987, falling 30% between 1994 and 1998. Therefore it is only fair to acknowledge that the criminal justice system has made tremendous strides in it’s treatment of the typical juvenile offender. For example, there was once a time when there was no separation between the treatment of both juvenile and adult offenders. Meanwhile today we have separate courts for juveniles and adults which I feel is a step in the right direction because it enforcesRead MoreDrug Decriminalization And Its Effects On America1543 Words   |  7 Pagesopium for diseases and issues relating to gastrointestinal issues and eye abnormalities (McGovern, et al.). Whether drugs were used for recreational purposes or for medicinal uses is left in the history. Prohibition in the United States occurred between 1920 and 1933. During this time period, the sale of alcohol was prohibited. Prior to legislation outlawing alcohol, drug related crimes to alcohol were at a lull. As claimed by Connor Boyack, â€Å"the federal 3prison population increased by 366 percent†Read MoreThe Major Relationships Of Criminal Behavior1532 Words   |  7 Pagesare all conflicting. Knowing the relationship between the two can allow us to know what ages are most likely to do certain crimes and what ages are most likely to do crime in general. That will allow us to prepare age groups and teach them right from wrong. If we know a person at 18 years old is most likely to perform a certain type of crime we can correctly educate people around that age about crime and re-teach right from wrong. Whether it is in school or neighborhood programs, we can correctly prepareRead MoreRehabilitation of Sex Offenders1113 Words   |  5 Pagesreport being sexually, emotion ally, or physically abused as a child in comparison to other offenders. There are also other factors besides abuse that must be taken into consideration. A recent study on female sex offenders by Roe-Sepowitz and Krysik (2008) states, â€Å"the data reveal that many of the 118 female juvenile sex offenders came from chaotic and disorganized families and had poor parental supervision and serious school and mental health problems†. As Becerra-Garcà ­a, Garcà ­a-Leà ³n and Egan (2012)Read MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 19641689 Words   |  7 Pagesparticular, Chicago, the third largest city in the United States, poses interesting dynamics concerning this question. For one, the city consistently has high crime and murder rates in specific areas, while other parts of the city show low rates in comparison. One researcher Richard Reeves states, Even in a country marked by high levels of segregation, Chicago stands out (qtd. in Luhby). Therefore, many would agree that laws prohibit ing segregation didn’t necessarily get rid of it. These laws, suchRead MoreThe Hispanic Education Crisis998 Words   |  4 Pages More and more research has uncovered magnanimous evidence that our education system is failing the students and thus creating a pipeline away from success and higher education and into gangs, prison and poverty. From 2011-12 alone Latinos made up almost a quarter of the enrolled students in public schools, Hispanic status dropout rate was 13% (higher than both African Americans at 8% and Whites at 4%), and 5% of all doctoral degrees conferred were earned by Latinos. (NCES, Digest of Education StatisticsRead MoreWe Can Not Deny Society s Progression Of Social Equality Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesCA over the course of three years. During the three years he noticed the young men he shadowed were continually stopped and questioned by police. Rios also noted the lack of educational support by school faculty. The forty males studied reported some fo rm of negative involvement with police and school officials. What seems clear in how these young males are treated by authority figures is how they are stereotyped by society. Race is the most prominent factor, along with gender, economic backgroundRead MoreClassification of Gangs847 Words   |  4 Pagesapproaches to classifications of gangs and evaluates how these classifications provide specific insights or information about gangs in a community. Discussion In order to evaluate classification of gangs, the foremost task is to determine difference between a gang and a team. A team is a group of individuals who partners for a common (Egan Beadman, 2011). The concept of team is mainly used in organization and sports to describe a group of people working or playing together. A team is rather formalRead More Educational Programs In Prisons Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pages Educational Programs in Prisons nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"It is not a surprise to see that prisoners all have a low education level. I guess a more educated person has enough sense not to be involved with crime†¦the relationship between crime and education is easy to see when viewing these facts† (Cordes 1). This is the view of most people when asked why people are in prison. People simply say that criminals were ill educated. As hard as we may try, we cannot do a lot about what happens before

Family Assessment and Intervention Free Essays

Family Intervention Movie Assignment â€Å"Meet the Parents† One of our main objectives as future counselors is to understand individual clients is to first gain an understanding of family background. Working with family from a systems perspective, the counselor is able to gain an understanding to the ways in which family members interact, what the family norms and expectations are, how effectively members communicate, who makes decisions, and how the family deals with needs and expectations (Edleman Mandle, 2002). In the concept of systems theory, a family can exist within a community (suprasystem) and at the same time have smaller relationships within that family (subsystems). We will write a custom essay sample on Family Assessment and Intervention or any similar topic only for you Order Now By composing genograms, or family tree, one can see information on family relationships, health patterns, occupations, and religion. By composing an ecomap one can see information on how a family and its members interact with larger systems or smaller subsystems. The term family can be defined as â€Å"a group of individuals who are bound by strong emotional ties, a sense of belonging, and a passion for being involved in one another’s lives (Wright Leahey, 2000). After watching the movie, â€Å"Meet the Parents† I decided to watch the whole movie to see where it would be that the intervention would start. The scene where â€Å"Greg† tries to get the cat off the roof and ultimately to please Jack his girlfriend’s father he goes to a local animal shelter to purchase a look alike cat for the family cat that ran away, named Jinx (Which I thought in hindsight the cat’s name is the complete situation Greg finds himself in†¦jinxed). Once the family gets home and finds ‘Jinx’ has destroyed the dress and the house before his youngest daughter’s wedding everything hits the fan†¦emotions rage and Jack and Greg are starting to really express themselves. I think Greg does this because he feels he has nothing to lose. The interesting part is how this whole fiasco sort of brings the family and friends together†¦here is where I would begin my interview. The family members that I chose to conduct my interview and research on are the Burns and Greg (Gaylord Focker). By using the concepts of systems theory, genograms, and, I will be giving you an analysis of her amily and its relationships, health patterns, habits, customs, traditions, and how the members of the family interact with one another and also the outside community. People Characters Nurse Teacher Family Functioning Analyze, assess and suggest intervention Assessment of individuals Assessment of individual and Family dynamics and patt erns Behavioral issues and problems Family background Ask the fathers permission to marry the sister Teacher is motivated by what her dad thinks (smoking as a sign of weakness) Family values†¦compromised†¦living together Very pretentious Father is sarcastic and lacks sense of humor Parents still think their daughter as their little girl Mother is in denial and acts as if everything is wonderful Greg is Jewish not much of a family background for meals and family interactions and has problems with saying grace. Father has a lot of secretive ways—CIA psychological profiler Lie detector scene Burns family circle of trust†¦a tool of manipulation Son sneaks around and has limited freedom Everyone seems to want to please Jack Jack has at traditional mindset of a man’s role and a woman’s role Jack is controlling†¦. ven to training the cat how to use the bathroom Other son in law bought acceptance Jack’s friend the surgeon play’s into Jack’s machoism Wife was a voice of reason after the cat incident Address the following: What would a counselor look for or need to find out about this family? What would be essential or important How would the therapist go about doing this? Wh at is my assessment of family functioning What are unique things pertaining to this family to be aware of outside or developmental influences on the family (race, culture, stress, family development, remarriage, divorce, etc. What do I think the focus of the intervention should be? What are some treatment goals? What are some type of interventions or therapist interactions that would make a difference? Based on what I know about the family what strategies could be employed? If the family members were making their own changes or interventions, are they effective? Why or why not? If not changes or intervention is seen what do I feel is needed What dynamics need to change What would assessment, goals and intervention look like for this family/ How to cite Family Assessment and Intervention, Essays

Technically free essay sample

We have examined your bubble-jet printer, repairs will cost $148. 00 plus tax. shall we go ahead? 2 The hard disk crashed at 4:15 p. m. , before I had time to copy today’s work onto safety disk. 3 Do you have Hama A16 Electronics Camera Flash in your department? You can recognize it by the words Sort emit Automatik on the base. 4 Confirming our telephone conversation of October 17th effective October 31st, Myra Weiss and Dan Helwig will be reassigned to your Division for six months. 5 The safety label warned: â€Å"Toxic solution: Handle with great care! 6 Progressive corrosion inside the pipes has reduced liquid flow by 21% since 1966, a condition which, if not corrected, could cause system shut down in less than 12 months. 7A cause for celebration, work on the Feldstet contract was completed February 16, three days ahead of February 19 scheduled completion date. When the digital exchange was installed at Multiple Industries, eight lines were left unused for anticipated staff expansion and also so for providing dedicated lines for a planned facsimile transmission network between branches. We will write a custom essay sample on Technically or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 9 The overhead steam pipe ruptured at 10:10 a. m. damaging the computer equipment and oak furniture. Fortunately, the office was empty as everyone had gone down to the cafeteria for coffee break. 10 May I have company approval to attend the course †Preparing for ISO 2001 Approval,† to be held at Oklahoma State University May 16-20? Also, as attendance is limited, may I have a reply by April 28? 11 At the April 15th meeting, the Executive Committee approved your April 10th request to attend the May course on â€Å"Preparing for ISO 2001 Approval. † Francine Williams, who attended the same course in January, was particularly helpful in recommending that you attened. 2 Before submitting purchase requests for new or replacement equipment , ensure that you †¢ complete all manufacturer details, †¢ attach price quotations, †¢ quote appropriate specifications, †¢ list an alternative supplier, and †¢ secure the divisional manager’ approval. He has kept up with his work, although he missed several sessions Bob Jenkins and Marie Gonzales angrily walked out, before the meeting ended Hamel who arrived late, left in a hurry. Paul Rogers worked until 9 p. m. last night, but John Morse left well before quitting time. I’ll have more time to spend on the budget, after the inventory is finished.

Sunday, May 3, 2020

Work and Organizational Psychology †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Work and Organizational Psychology. Answer: Introduction: In the case study, it is been pointed out that the team at Fire art is not able to collaborate and develop positive synergies amongst the team mates. A new director of strategy has been appointed just now and he has a sole task of building and managing the team. Teamwork being essential to an organisations success, the onus is on Eric for the same. In the process, there are certain difficulties as some of the mangers at fire art are not able to contribute much to the team as their views and opinions are suppressed by director of sales and marketing, who in himself is a magnanimous personality with bundles of energy exuberating out of his personality. The problem with him is, difference in ideology in comparison to other team members, due to which tension prevails during team meetings. In the report it will be discuss as to what are the problems faced by the organisation due to lack of team work, what are the challenges hurdling the process , and using some organisational theories , how the problems can be turned over. It empowers team members with good accountability towards their job, a sense of ownership, higher decision making power, and thus boosts the morale of an employee(Lynn, Plat Reilly, 2016) Helps organisations to capitalize on the knowledge and the motivation of the team members (Goetsch Davis, 2014) Helps the organisation in loosing of its bureaucracy and promotes greater flexibility and responsiveness. Serves as a pool of multiple free lowing ideas, which further leads to better strategic decision making (Hu Liden, 2015) Failure of team work The company in the case study is Fire art, a family owned business, successfully running for last 80 years and serving the Midwestern clients, and has positioned itself in the mind-set of consumer as high quality and high pricing company. With the advent of globalization and changes in the technologies, cheaper machinery and many players, the sales of the companies are falling rapidly. Hence, the burden is on the managers to come up with the strategies to buckle up and increase the sales, the same can be achieved only with contribution of everyone and all of them coming together as a team. Major challenge at hand is, the director of sales and marketing, Mar. Randys attitude towards the fellow team mates and other divisional managers, it comes as the biggest hurdle in the creation of positive synergies towards a common goal. Mr Randy believes that, groups in companies are absolutely useless and consensus is a mediocre concept. He also has another belief, in which he believes strongly that, in a company its only efforts of meticulous people who comes up with a brilliant plan and strategy, and rest everyone just follow the leader, disbeliever of team work and team efforts. Solution to the problem at hand: Team building activities helps the team members get out of their zones and break the cultural barriers, which could possibly cause friction among the team members. The team building activity will help them open up to each other and create an atmosphere of friendliness despite the individual positions (Levi, 2015) Personnel counselling of Mr Randy with the HR head or a person of higher experience than him, and make him understand the importance of team work and the possible benefits for the organisation. Also, it is important to make him understand; team work will not make him loose his individuality, but, would increase his respect in the eyes of his team mates (Brand, 2014) Inculcate a habit of posting anonymous feedback after every team meeting or in general business operations, this will help the management in analysing problems with certain employees, which then could be tackled with the help of counselling (Tucker Abbasi, 2015) It is must and should that division of work should be clear, no one can interfere in the work of other person, until and unless required. This division of work would keep all the employees in the limits of their task and prevent any poking from other team members(Chimel, Fraccaroli Sverke, 2017) Another important aspect of successful team meeting is presence of a strong influential meeting coordinator. His role is to ensure everyone participates and contributes towards the objectives of meeting .He should ensure the decorum and timelines of the meeting and also make it really fruitful, with clear identified goals to focus in meetings, the participation would increase. The meeting coordinator should also take care of any miscreant, whose only purpose is to waste the time of other team members by disrupting the meeting, such person should be dealt with authority and harshness even after repeated warning (Li Lam, 2013) Tuchman teamwork theory should be put to use in the organisation. The theory has 4 components attached to it, starting from forming, storming, norming which ultimately leads to performing. This framework, if adopted would drastically improve the team meeting at fire art and lead to developing of positive synergies.(Betts Healey, 2015) Conclusion: Fire Art Company is in the business of making wine goblets, beer steins, ashtrays and other glass novelty since last 80 years. Its a family owned business which has earned its reputation in the market because of its high quality. It is considered to be one of the best in the market. The company in the recent times is not able to live up to its potential and the sales are going down. The management wants to rework on the strategy and it requires cooperation from every individual members. Some miscreant is not allowing this to happen. Certain techniques can work in the favour of company which would help them in conducting successful team meetings, some of the strategies as discussed are counselling, team building activities, feedback sessions, division of work. Trumans revolutionary theory on team work is of great advantage for any company who wants to have constructive team meetings, using all the above would help Eric in getting desired outcome from the team meetings. References: Lynn, G.S. Polat, V. and Reilly, R.R 2016, Team Trust and Team Learning in New Product Development Projects. InLets Get Engaged! Crossing the Threshold of Marketings Engagement Era(pp. 639-640), Springer, Cham. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Hu, J. and Liden, R.C., 2015. Making a difference in the teamwork: Linking team prosocial motivation to team processes and effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal,58(4), pp.1102-1127. Levi, D., 2015.Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications Brand, T., 2014. Basic counselling skills.SAMJ: South African Medical Journal,104(7), pp.510-511. Tucker, R. and Abbasi, N., 2015. The architecture of teamwork: examining relationships between teaching, assessment, student learning and satisfaction with creative design outcomes.Architectural Engineering and Design Management,11(6), pp.405-422. Chmiel, N., Fraccaroli, F. and Sverke, M. eds., 2017.An Introduction to Work and Organizational Psychology: An International Perspective. John Wiley Sons. Betts, S. and Healy, W., 2015. Having a Ball Catching on to Teamwork: An Experiential Learning Approach to Teaching the Phases of Group Development.Academy of Educational Leadership Journal,19(2), p.1.. Li, M.P. and Lam, B.H., 2013. Cooperative learning.The Active Classroom, The Hong Kong Institude of Education.

Thursday, March 26, 2020

Essay on Purfrock, Lear, Stevens Essay Example

Essay on Purfrock, Lear, Stevens Essay Sherry Cheatham British Literature Professor Donna Nixon-Walker All A Little Mad Erasmus, in his book In Praise of Folly, conjectures that there are â€Å"two types of madness†. One is destructive and creates war, lust, and thirst for riches, while the other is good and desirable and creates satisfaction and happiness without anxiety and worry (Hamilton, Adams amp; Co, London, 1887). These two types of madness are depicted through the actions of protagonists such as J. Alfred Prufrock, King Lear, and Stevens. All three characters seem to have a skewed sense of reality in some way that leads to Erasmus’ definitions of folly and madness. For example, J. Alfred Prufrock’s reality lies only in his sphere of thinking which leads to his inability to communicate to others. He is fixated on his appearance and his awkwardness, which results in his lack of communication skills and interest in others. Prufrock struggles with the reality that is in front of him, which is the fact that he is aging and he is living with regret. Throughout the poem, he consistently thinks about holding conversations with women to the point that it drives him into a state of madness. Erasmus might define this as a sort of self-inflicted, destructive madness â€Å"which to be so awakened in their conscience as to be lashed and stung with the whips and snakes of grief and remorse† (Hamilton, Adams amp; Co, London, 1887). Another example of this destructive madness is exposed in King Lear’s actions as he falls from the throne, which initially stems from pride and lust for power. This was a result of his inability to recognize the reality of Cordelia’s love and his hunger for more power and flattery. Even the Fool in the story constantly mocks King Lear’s sanity and rebukes his behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Purfrock, Lear, Stevens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Purfrock, Lear, Stevens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Purfrock, Lear, Stevens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, King Lear finds some clarity in his madness and humility unlike the protagonist, Prufrock. Erasmus defines the good kind of madness as men who hunt, build, gamble, and keep themselves busy in these states to avoid destructive behavior. The protagonist in Remains of the Day, Stevens, fits into this category of a nondestructive madman. Stevens’ reality may be skewed in that he constantly strives to be a dignified and great butler, yet he chooses not focus his energy elsewhere in spheres of his life such the pursuit of love. His madness is nondestructive, but he realizes that his obsession with his work roves unfulfilling at times. After his epiphany, he embarks on a journey for answers and happiness. This is what Erasmus defines as a good madness in order for the protagonist to learn to achieve greatness and productivity like the hunter or gambler, yet the key is to learn to not be consumed with pure madness but also to achieve full happiness and satisfaction. Prufrockà ¢â‚¬â„¢s statement that he has â€Å"measured out his life with coffee spoons†(51) shows his perception of reality in life is uneventful and dull and he thinks himself the â€Å"Fool† at times. He realizes he should change, which drives him into a constant state of madness and questioning his own abilities. He even paints his world as if he was â€Å"a patient etherized upon a table† (3) He madness is created by himself in that the self-destructive behavior is due to lack of courage and constant anxiety. He feels as if he is surrounded by routine and feels the need to just hold one conversation, yet he thinks he will â€Å"disturb the universe† (46) if he does. This kind of madness drives grief and patterns of lust. Prufrock is ultimately lustful for a different life with women, love, and happiness. Yet, he never achieves this and never departs from his mental state. This poem exemplifies the character’s tragedy in that he knows what he should do, but lacks the power and grasp of reality to do so. Prufrock searches for a way of escape from his feelings of self-pity and self-destructive behavior, but he sadly stays a poor madman throughout his life. Another example of a destructive madman is the character of King Lear. Initially, his foolishness is derived from his view that power, money, and appearances are keys to happiness, which causes his reality to be faulty and detrimental. His banishment of Cordelia and abandonment of the throne drives him further from reality into a state of madness and confusion. Even the Fool in the story criticizes King Lear by stating, All thy titles thou hast given away; that thou wast born with (1. 4. 145-146). The Fool becomes an ironic voice wisdom throughout Lear’s destruction, since King Lear does not take responsibility of his own kingdom. King Lear’s madness truly unfolds when he rips off his clothes and the Fool states thou art the thing itself; unaccommodated man is no more but such a poor, bare, forked animal (103-104). This irony in the juxtaposition of a wise Fool and a foolish King serves to place further emphasis on how mad the King has become. This destructive type of madness stems from the love of power, greed, and flattery. King Lear’s love for appearances instead of reality causes his self-inflicting madness and depicts that even a powerful king can be swayed so easily by the lies of flattery. However, King Lear does differ from Prufrock in that his madness actually brings him some modicum of clarity. For instance, even when Lear still appears to be mad (during his rant about cheese, for example), he realizes the truth that Goneril and Regan had been flatter(ing) him like a dog (4. 6:97). Though he has occasional lucid moments, King Lear does not appear to completely break free from his state of madness even though he realizes his folly and gains humility. He does is not conscious of his own madness, and even when Cordelia passes away he insists that she is resurrected. Again however, Lear does gain some insight into the madness of his thoughts and ways and eventually pleads for forgiveness and redemption towards Cordelia despite his mad state. This contrasts with Prufrock, who never redeems himself and stays a destructive madman. The protagonist, Stevens differs significantly from King Lear and Prufrock in that he starts his journey in what Erasmus would define as a good state of madness. Steven’s perception of reality differs in that his focus is for the good rather than to gain money or lust. Stevens continuously strives to be a dignified and honorable butler that drives him to this state of mental exhaustion. Anything that distracts from his duties is considered â€Å"offensive and foolish† (25) such as bantering, love, and death. Stevens’ madness seems productive and honorable, as Erasmus states that there is â€Å"another sort of madness, proceeding from Folly, that is so far from being any way injurious or distasteful as to be thoroughly good and desirable. And this happens when by a harmless error in judgment the mind is freed from those cares which would otherwise gratingly afflict it, and is smoothed over with a contentment and satisfaction it could not in any other way so happily enjoy† (Hamilton, Adams amp; Co, London, 1887). Steven’s obsession with perfecting his skills, as a butler may seem good at first, but he ultimately lacks satisfaction and happiness. Steven’s journey throughout the book depicts what he is missing to complete his change from the mad state to a clarified and happy state. Also, the state of madness disrupts Steven’s ability to make his own decisions and rely on his master’s â€Å"wisdom† which compares to King Lear and the Fool. However, Stevens realizes that his perception of reality is skewed in that he must think clearly and start making his own decisions. He even completes his transformation by an understanding of bantering in that it â€Å"lays the key to human warmth† (245). This small change is significant in that Steven escapes his obsessive mad state and is on the right path to satisfaction and happiness, which is what Erasmus’ view as a form of good madness. The common perception is that madness is not beneficial and is destructive, however Erasmus conjectures that this is not always the case. One type of madness he outlines is crucial for human growth and development as shown to some degree in each of these three protagonists. Madness can result in clarity and happiness in certain instances such as the protagonist Stevens being consumed by his work, then learning to enjoy life as a result of lessons revealed through this madness. Characters may also be consumed by a form of destructive madness, as was the case in Prufrock and King Lear. Prufrock demonstrates that madness can consume the mind and result in failure to change, but King Lear gains some insight even though he does not completely change his sanity. The point of madness is not to destroy humans such as Prufrock, but rather to provide the means of looking at things from a different perspective and using this perspective to derive lessons in life. Humans are all a little mad at times yet it’s how humans respond to and learn from this madness that separates the destructive madness and the madness that proves fulfilling by providing perspective. Works Cited 1. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. T. S. Eliot. 1920. Prufrock and Other Observations. 1. The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock. T. S. Eliot. 1920. Prufrock and Other Observations. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. lt;http://www. bartleby. com/198/1. htmlgt;. Hamilton Adams amp; Co. Erasmus. N. p. , 1887. Web. 26 Oct. 2012. lt;http://www. humanistictexts. org/erasmus. htmgt;. Ishiguro, Kazuo. The Remains of the Day. New York: Knopf, 1989. Print. Shakespeare, William, Louis B. Wright, and Virginia A. LaMar. The Tragedy of King Lear. New York: Washington Square, 1957. Print.

Friday, March 6, 2020

Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by C. Perkins Gilman

Analysis of The Yellow Wallpaper by C. Perkins Gilman Like Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour,  Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper  is a mainstay of feminist literary study. First published in 1892, the story takes the form of secret journal entries written by a woman who is supposed to be recovering from what her husband, a physician, calls a  nervous condition. This haunting psychological horror story chronicles the narrators descent into madness, or perhaps into the paranormal. Or perhaps, depending on your interpretation, into freedom. The result is a story as chilling as anything by Edgar Allan Poe or Stephen King. Better Health Through Infantilization The protagonists husband, John, does not take her illness seriously. Nor does he take her seriously. He prescribes, among other things, a rest cure, in which she is confined to their summer home, mostly to her bedroom. The woman is discouraged from doing anything intellectual even though she believes some excitement and change would do her good. She must write in secret. And she is allowed very little company- certainly not from the stimulating people she most wishes to see. In short, John treats her like a child, calling her diminutive names like blessed little goose and little girl. He makes all decisions for her and isolates her from the things she cares about. His actions are couched in concern for her, a position that she initially seems to believe herself. He is very careful and loving, she writes in her journal, and hardly lets me stir without special direction. Her words also sound as if she is merely parroting what shes been told, and hardly lets me stir seems to harbor a veiled complaint. Even her bedroom is not the one she wanted; instead, its a room that appears to have once been a nursery, thus emphasizing her return to infancy. Its windows are barred for little children, showing again that she is being treated as a child, and also that she is like a prisoner. Fact  Versus Fancy John dismisses anything that hints of emotion or irrationality- what he calls fancy. For instance, when the narrator says that the wallpaper in her bedroom disturbs her, he informs her that she is letting the wallpaper get the better of her and thus refuses to remove it. John doesnt simply dismiss things he finds fanciful; he also uses the charge of fancy to dismiss anything he doesnt like. In other words, if he doesnt want to accept something, he declares that it is irrational. When the narrator tries to have a reasonable talk with him about her situation, she is so distraught that she is reduced to tears. But instead of interpreting her tears as evidence of her suffering, he takes them as evidence that she is irrational and cant be trusted to make decisions for herself. He speaks to her as if she is a whimsical child, imagining her own illness. Bless her little heart! he says. She shall be as sick as she pleases! He does not want to acknowledge that her problems are real and so he silences her. The only way the narrator could appear rational to John would be to become satisfied with her situation; therefore, there is no way for her to express concerns or ask for changes. In her journal, the narrator writes: John does not know how much I really suffer. He knows there is no reason to suffer, and that satisfies him. John cant imagine anything outside his own judgment. So when he determines that the narrators life is satisfactory, he imagines that the fault lies with her perception of her life. It never occurs to him that her situation might really need improvement. The Wallpaper The  nursery walls are covered in putrid yellow wallpaper with a confused, eerie pattern. The narrator is horrified by it. She studies the incomprehensible pattern in the wallpaper, determined to make sense of it. But rather than making sense of it, she begins to discern a second pattern- that of a woman creeping furtively around behind the first pattern, which acts a prison for her. The first pattern of the wallpaper can be seen as the societal expectations that hold women like the narrator captive. The narrators recovery will be measured by how cheerfully she resumes her domestic duties as wife and mother, and her desire to do anything else- like write- is seen to interfere with that recovery. Though the narrator studies and studies the pattern in the wallpaper, it never makes any sense to her. Similarly, no matter how hard she tries to recover, the terms of her recovery- embracing her domestic role- never make any sense to her, either. The creeping woman can represent both victimizations by the societal norms and resistance to them. This creeping woman also gives a clue about why the first pattern is so troubling and ugly. It seems to be peppered with distorted heads with bulging eyes- the heads of other creeping women who were strangled by the pattern when they tried to escape it. That is, women who couldnt survive when they tried to resist cultural norms. Gilman writes that nobody could climb through that pattern- it strangles so. Becoming a Creeping Woman Eventually, the narrator becomes a creeping woman. The first indication is when she says, rather startlingly, I always lock the door when I creep by daylight. Later, the narrator and the creeping woman work together to pull off the wallpaper. The narrator writes, [T]here are so many of those creeping women, and they creep so fast. So the narrator is one of many. That her shoulder just fits into the groove on the wall is sometimes interpreted to mean that she has been the one ripping the paper and creeping around the room all along. But it could also be interpreted as an assertion that her situation is no different from that of many other women. In this interpretation, The Yellow Wallpaper becomes not just a story about one womans madness, but a maddening system. At one point, the narrator observes the creeping women from her window and asks, I wonder if they all come out of that wallpaper as I did? Her coming out of the wallpaper- her freedom- coincides with a descent into mad behavior, ripping off the paper, locking herself in her room, even biting the immovable bed. That is, her freedom comes when she finally reveals her beliefs and behavior to those around her and stops hiding. The final scene, in which John faints, and the narrator continues to creep around the room, stepping over him every time, is disturbing but also triumphant. Now John is the one who is weak and sickly, and the narrator is the one who finally gets to determine the rules of her own existence. She is finally convinced that he only pretended to be loving and kind. After being consistently infantilized by his prescriptions and comments, she turns the tables on him by addressing him condescendingly, if only in her mind, as young man. John refused to remove the wallpaper, and in the end, the narrator used it as her escape.

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Define Learning From the Perspective of Consumer Behaviour Theory Essay

Define Learning From the Perspective of Consumer Behaviour Theory - Essay Example The proponents of this theory do not focus on the learning process but on the response of individuals to external stimuli.) this theory is also referred to as the stimulus response or vicarious theory. The classical and operant conditioning approaches try to explain this theory. According to classical conditioning, the stimulus is responsible for the response observed while for instrumental conditioning, the converse is true. When the classical conditioning is applied to consumer theory, the product brand triggers a response from the consumers that is desirable and enforces the desire to buy. This theory tries to achieve a particular response from unrelated stimuli, thus forming the basis of branding. The operant conditioning asserts that individuals will always act with reward in mind and avoid stimuli that result in punishment. This means that every behavior with pleasant results has a very high change to be repeated. Cognitive theory This theory explains learning based on the info rmation gathered and mentally processed in response to an actual problem. Even though there is no universally agreed theory on learning, the process is clear: learning happens, either intentionally or accidentally. For intentional acquisition of knowledge, the individual must have clearly sought the information through objective research. However, accidental learning just happens to find the individual. This is where advertising is most efficient in achieving (Evans, Jamal, & Foxall, 2006). The marketer is always interested in how the buyers learn as this information gives them an advantage in how they handle them. They always want to influence customer behaviour and this stems from the ability to teach the buyer their responsibility as consumers, the product of choice and its attributes. This is made effective through marketing and advertising (Lantos, 2010). The product of National museums of Australia is information. Its role is clearly defined and serves to inform the public on the Australian heritage and culture (National Museum of Australia, 2003-2010a). The first marketing communication strategy employed is that of accelerated information. The brand utilises its website as its online tool for advertising its activities and products. Its main product is information where it sells the Australian history and lifestyle. This is conducted through seminars, exhibitions and publications. The use of images of traditional Australians is an application of behavioural theory learning where the images invoke a conditioning of ‘our heritage’. Art galleries and buildings of national relevance derive the same effect. The individual is drawn to the article by the image and can open the article to acquire the information on the artifact or the classic architectures. The brand has journals, periodicals and e-news releases to ensure their position is maintained to be the first to point the consumer to the right direction. The brand shapes the perception of th e consumer on what forms part of the Australian culture and where they should visit (National Museum of Australia, 2003-2010a). Market target and segmentation is the other tool observed on the website. The aspect on segmentation is shown in this site that segments article to suite different markets. The brand is enhanced by

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

The Political Influence of Focus on the Family Essay

The Political Influence of Focus on the Family - Essay Example He first gained national recognition as the author of the book Dare to Discipline, in which he advocates using spanking as a form of disciplining children. His recognition as a family advocate and as a Christian leader led to what is now a huge organization dedicated to preserving traditional family values. In addition to the organization's radio broadcasts, it has a series of Bible-based magazines and publications geared toward various groups of people, such as teens, seniors, and singles, and also a political action magazine called Citizen, in which it encourages political involvement on various social issues. It also has an affiliate organization called Focus on the Family Action, which is focused on conservative political activism. Dobson writes, on Focus on the Family Action's website, that the affiliate organization provides "a platform for informing, inspiring and rallying those who care deeply about the family to greater involvement in the moral, cultural and political issues that threaten our nation." (Dobson, "About Us") As a special interest group, Focus on the Family's political focus is to support family values-related issues that are endorsed by the Republican Party. Dobson and Focus on the Family have a lot of pull when it comes to having their voices heard in Washington. He has been known to be very vocal on a wide range of things, including judiciary appointments, prayer in schools, and abstinence education. Dobson himself has been invited to the White House during both the Reagan and current Bush administrations to consult with staff on family-related issues. ("Focus on the Family") Focus on the Family speaks out on many political issues, though there are two "hot-button" topics on which the organization maintains strong opinions and that are at the forefront of the conservative movement politics today. Likely the most controversial issue to which Focus on the Family devotes much of its attention is same-sex marriage and gay rights. As defenders of family values, the organization's stance is that marriage is to be between a man and a woman. On the organization's Web site it is stated that marriage "deserves respect and protection. Any efforts to redefine marriage destroy the institution - and ultimately - civil and healthy society. Thus we oppose any government recognition or endorsement of marriage counterfeits, including same-sex unions." ("Same-Sex 'Marriage' and Civil Unions") Dobson and the organization also hold very strong opinions on the issue of abortion. They believe that the fetus is a human being from conception, and to abort that fetus is murder. Their pro-life stand is about protecting the rights of the unborn child. Francis J. Beckwith writes in an article on the organization's Web site that Focus on the Family believes "the unborn has a right to life that ought to be enshrined in our laws." (Beckwith) There are two main political tactics Focus on the Family has used to use its pull within the conservative movement. One of these is the use of scare tactics to encourage its millions of radio listeners, publishing customers, and other supporters to vote for and speak out in favor of Republican candidates and conservative stances. In his article "James Dobson: The Religious Right's New Kingmaker", Michael Crowley writes that "no one helped Bush win" the 2004 Presidential election "more than James Dobson." Crowley asserts that Bush may have won the swing

Monday, January 27, 2020

Segregation Of Public Schools Effects On Student Achievement Education Essay

Segregation Of Public Schools Effects On Student Achievement Education Essay School systems across the U.S. are voluntarily segregating their schools and schools may be more segregated today than they were at the height of the Civil Rights Movement. There is overwhelming evidence that segregation is a toxic social issue that serves to fortify discriminatory viewpoints and attitudes that negatively affect particular populations of people and innately puts Black and Latino students at a disadvantage, weakening facets of social capital in these students neighborhoods and further widening the life-long achievement gap between these students and their White counterparts. Black students continue to score lower than White students on standardized tests are underrepresented in institutions of higher learning and achieve overwhelmingly lower rates of wealth. This research will evaluate the affect of racial segregation on student academic achievement, which for purpose of this research will include standardized testing performance as well as attributes of social mobility, in order to identify the best model for U.S. school systems that fosters equity in access to resources and high student achievement. In the present paper, several case studies that investigate the learning outcomes and academic achievement in segregated schools are evaluated. From review of these case studies a hypothesis can be formed that states that racial segregation is detrimental to non-white students, particularly Blacks and Latinos. The following literature reviews demonstrate and support this hypothesis. The studies conclude that students who attend primarily minority schools are not as well prepared for post-secondary education and that this achievement gap is directly related to the degree to which they experienced segregation. The research also shows that all student benefit from diversity in their school setting; White students are also disadvantaged by re-segregation of schools. Review of Literature In a research article by Jones-Sanpei (2009), the research first identifies specific overarching goals of public education. The goals of education that this study evaluated are individual outcomes (academic achievement and job readiness) community outcomes (parental empowerment and social capital networks) and, individual social outcomes, such as future political engagement, social skills, and civic skills. Secondly the Jones-Sanpei research discussed the theory and research surrounding social capital and used data from five southern school districts and matching data from the 2000 Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (SCCBS), (7) to examine the relationship between community social capital and segregated public schools. The study concluded by speculating about the potential effect of re-segregating public schools on both community and individual social capital. The Jones-Sanpei study stated that several factors promote student individual academic outcomes, which are usually measured by standardized exam scores. According to Jones-Sanpei (2009), student individual academic outcomes rely heavily on teacher attributes, pedagogical philosophy (teaching styles), and school structure. The study also takes into consideration school-mixed factors (community measures) such as parental involvement, curriculum funding, equity issues and community involvement, deemphasizing the practice of using solely standardized testing models to quantify students learning outcomes and student potential future competitiveness. The literature further legitimizes the importance of community measures as important outcomes of public education. Specific forms of social capital that may be fostered by public education include obligations and expectations among a network of individuals, information channels, and social norms. Social capital enables community members to tru st one another, establish business and political organizations, and to be involved in public education. Interactions through the public school medium have the potential to increase the general social capital of a community. (Jones-Sanpei, 2009). The Jones-Sanpei study looked at two large southern school districts from 1992/1998 through 2005. The six school districts included in this analysis all had between 50,000 and 125,000 students in the 2005-2006 school-year. Additional community measures included the percent of each racial group in the community; mean community education, mean community income, and population density based on 1990 Census data. Community social capital measures tested by the study were interracial friendships, informal socializing and social trust. To test the hypothesis that communities with segregated public schools have lower community social capital, the study used t-tests, then used logistic regression to examine which social capital measures contributed to the interracial friendship measure. The findings of the study were that residents of communities with higher levels of school district segregation reported significantly lower levels of general social trust while communities with less segregated school districts reported significantly more social trust. Furthermore, respondents with higher general social trust were twenty-nine percent more likely to report having interracial friendships than respondents who reported lower general social trust. The findings support the hypothesis that segregated schools put children at a disadvantage for competing with their peers who will later have to work in a diverse society. It may be that community social capital influences local school district policymaking with respect to racial integration or that district segregation influences community social capital. In conclusion, there seems to be a relationship between district segregation and community indicators of social capital. ( Jones-Sanpei, 2009) The (Goldsmith, 2009) study of the affect of re-segregation of public schools focused on the long-term effects of this segregated schooling on achievement levels of Black and Latino students. The study used longitudinal data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 which surveyed a sample of eight graders from across the U.S. in the spring of 1988. Students were resurveyed in 1990, 1992, 1994 and 2000. The NELS:88 data is relevant research about educational processes and outcome which include student learning, predictors of dropping out and effects on students access to equal education. Studying the minority-concentration and educational-attainment relationship is important because racial  segregation results  in  blacks and Latinos attending  schools  and living in neighborhoods with higher proportions of minorities than whites. (Goldsmith, 2009, 4) This study hypothesized that segregation perpetuates racial inequality and that the percentage of black or Lati no in a neighborhood negatively affects individuals educational achievement. The focus of ( Goldsmith, 2009) was the circumstances surrounding segregated schools, and possible causes of the segregation. This research summarized findings of previous studies and found that The racial segregation of neighborhoods is principally responsible for the racial segregation of schools (Goldsmith, 2009, p10).that show that schools that attempted to change from white, segregated schools to integrated schools had high rates of teachers and staff who reported that they did not receive adequate training to teach in integrated settings. Goldsmith also concluded that schools of segregated populations of Black and Latino students were less likely to graduate from high school and attain a bachelors degree than students in predominantly white schools. Empirical data from previous studies was analyzed the correlation between segregated neighborhoods, segregated schools and educational outcomes. This research supports earlier discussed hypotheses of segregations affect on individua l achievement and community social capital by analyzing the validity of the perpetuation theory. This theory maintains that Blacks and Latinos who experience segregation in schools and their communities continue to be segregated in other social institutions over the course of their lives fail to develop networks with whites or the knowledge for developing these networks. These networks are important because they carry high-status knowledge, for example, about college admission procedures. An inability to form social ties with whites and to access information in white networks reduces the life chances of blacks and Latinos well after adolescence. (Goldsmith, 2009, p10). Goldsmith, 2009 also presents reason for future research to study schools in predominantly minority neighborhoods as it would provide valuable data on effects of segregation on student achievement. The method for this research included NELS data as stated before as well as an analysis of students residential zip code areas retrieved from eth 1990 and 1992 census reports. The research conducted by (Austin, A M, 2008) clearly lays out data for the correlation between segregated schools and achievement on non-white students. The weight of the findings in this study further legitimize the importance of the two previous studies discussion of the long-term, quality of life disparities caused by the lack-luster community social capital of students in segregated schools and segregated neighborhoods. The main focus of this research was to compare the grade point averages of white male and female students to the grade point averages of male and female minority students. The students high school GPAs are then used a measure to project future college achievement by race. This research also supports the research presented by the NELS, clearly stating that racial segregation in schools across the U.S. directly affects minority students ability to compete in institutions of higher learning and eventually in the job market. (Austin, A M, 2008) found that the gap between white and minority students is about 11.2% of the average GPA. This study also looked at the effect of different environmental factors faced by minority students, specifically their segregation in early years of schooling, to explain the academic performance gap that existed once they reached the post-secondary level. Like previously reviewed studies, this study sound that minority students tend to live in segregated neighborhoods and attend segregated schools. This fact put minority students at a grave disadvantage at the post-secondary education level. For the research, student performance was tracked over a period of 6 years of 1331 public school students from the State of Georgia who enter the University of West Georgia in the Fall semester of 2001. Of the 1331 students in the study, 60% are female, 75.1% are white, 20.4% are black and the remaining students are Asian (1.1%), Hispanic (1.4%), Native American (0.4%) and multi-racial ( 1.7%). The average high school GPA is 3.01, and the average SAT scores are 502 for the verbal test, and 497 for the math. The study by (Massey, 2006) reported that 2/3 of African American lived under conditions of high racial segregation, and that 2/3 of all African Americans attended minority dominant schools. Masseys study focused on the academic achievement of 3924 students entering 28 selective universities in the Fall semester of 1999. He surveys these freshmen and assembles a data set on social conditions in neighborhoods and high schools and finds that minority students from segregated backgrounds attended substandard schools, received lower quality instruction, were exposed to higher levels of disorder and violence, and were less prepared socially for campus life. (Massey, 2006, 6) By looking at the reported performance of these students over their first three semesters in college, Massey concluded that segregation has a significant impact on student achievement. He estimated that going from total integration to total segregation would lower GPAs by about 0.13, and that taking segregated backgro unds into account reduces the performance gap, but doesnt completely eliminate it. He also predicts that, because his data is from highly selective schools, in general the effect will be worse. The study by (Condron, 2009) found that the number one cause of the achievement gap between minority students and white students is racial segregation in the schools. This study cited the social and economic stratification (social capital) between black and white Americans as a barrier to student achievement in schools and later as adults. This research used 1st grade data from a longitudinal study of a pre-kindergarten cohort and found that segregated schools cause an elevated role in the academic achievement gap as well as in social class disparities. This studys approach to the research differed from most by looking at social class as it directly correlates with race as opposed to looking at race as a sole determining factor of socio-economic status. This approach allowed the researcher to take into account that children growing up in different positions in the stratification hierarchy have categorically unequal and qualitatively different (rather than continuously graded) life and educational experiences [and that] poverty involves distinct material hardships and environmental disadvantages that may stunt poor childrens cognitive development (Condron, 2009, p9). This research also went deeper into the school-level practices that attribute to student achievement gap more so than the other literature reviewed here. In addition to looking at social capital, which other studies also did, this study analyzed organizational processes, teacher attributes and resources at the schools, in relation to student body composition. This study found that racially segregated schools had poor administrative cohesion, poorly developed staff, and substandard resources for students. In conclusion, the research is clear that despite historic Supreme Court victories to desegregate U.S. public schools, the workforce may be integrated but our neighborhoods and schools are not. There needs to be more research done in the way of showing more qualitative data of the future overall individual achievement of minority students who attend predominantly minority schools, segregated from white students. This should be done so that that one of two things can take place. Either a de-segregation movement in education reform policy needs to be pushed through or schools that remain segregated need to be brought up to the same standards of predominantly white, high performing school. It has already been proven that this has a significant impact on students in two ways. The first solution may prove more favorable as research also provides evidence that a diverse school environment benefits both minority and white students alike. The study will seek to provide to answer these specific questions: What is the perspective of individual teachers of the effects of their students culture, class, and gender on their academic performance? How do students view their race and the race of their classmates as factors that affect their academic achievement and overall academic experience? How do students and teacher talk about racial inequality in their school? How does school segregation affect both white and non-white students? The proposed study will help bring awareness to these critical points. Methodology For my study I will use two New York City schools, both on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. One school is a charter school where of the 380 students, 43% are black, 29% are Hispanic, 1% are White and 1% are Asian (information for the ethnicities of the other 25% was not provided at time of this proposal). 100% of the students who attend this k-5 school qualify for free lunch based on government poverty guidelines. The math and reading scores are high, among the best in the city (http://insideschools.org/?fs=1280). The other schools, a pubic school under the department of education, demographics is such: of 336 students, 13% black, 36% Hispanic, 34%White, 13% Asian (http://insideschools.org/index12.php?fs=20). The math and reading scores at this school are less than stellar. I will select 15 respondents from each school for the interview; three students from each grade, grade 3 through 5, one Black, one White and one Asian. I will select two teachers from each grade level. Teachers i n both upper and lower elementary school will be chosen and their ethnicities will be mixed to mirror those of the students being interviewed. This will be done to ascertain whether there are common themes in regards to perspective of race and students achievement amongst the teachers in terms of their ethnic background. The teachers will be selected based on the test score of their students from previous years; teachers with high results for student achievement will be selected. Data will be collected through interviews and observations. The interviews will be open-ended. They will focus on biographical information, what populations they have the most experience teaching, what they felt contributed to their success and trends in academic achievement they notice among the students they have worked with. They will also be asked general questions about how they prepare themselves to be culturally aware, how they address diversity or multiculturalism in the classroom and how they communicate expectations to their students. A sample of interview questions for the teachers that will be used: 1. Tell me about yourself? (Where are you from, upbringing, culture, why you chose to be a teacherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) 2. Have you been to any professional development workshop about diversity in the classroom? 3. How do you think your background and/or teacher training influence how you interact with students? (Your rapport with the students, communication style, your ethnic background in comparison to your students) 4. Do you set high expectations in your classroom? Why? Why not? 5. Do your expectations change depending on the demographics of your class? A sample of interview questions for the students that will be used: 1. Do you spend time with kids who are different from you in school? How are they different? 2. What is it like to go to school with these kids? 3. Do you have friends that attend another school? What is it like for them? 4. Does your teacher set high expectations for you? 5. Is school difficult for you? Why or why not? 6. Do you ever feel that you are different from your classmates or teachers? How? The teachers will be observed and video taped for ten hours in the span of three months. During the observations the researchers will take specific notes in regards to the teachers behavior and interaction with students. Potential codes that may arise include: expectations, communication, empathy and rapport. The researchers will look at the data identify overarching themes that speak to the effects of the shift to re-segregation of public schools. The data will be studied to see how the experiences of students in racially diverse school settings differ from those in segregated school settings and how this experience may translate to differences in academic achievement and components of the social capital theory, specifically, obligations and expectations among a network of individuals, information channels, and social norms. The committee will also seek to see if there are common themes in regards to the teachers ethnicity and professional development in regard to their cultural sensitivity. They will look at how the perspectives and identity of the teachers reflects how they approach diversity in the classroom and how they transmit information about a variety of topics, and how they set expectations for their students depending on students race. Discussion This research will clearly show that re-segregation is a problem that needs to be taken under control. This research is not only concerned with academic achievement affected by segregation, but is also concerned with students and teachers experience and perspective of race in the school. The data collected will tell the story of what effect race has on a school community and the whole educational experience of students. I expect to find that in the charter school where students are segregated in that there is a very small percentage of white students and there is less of a mixed demographics, that teachers are under-prepared to teach in classrooms where their students race is different from their own. I also expect to find that these teachers have had little or no professional development for fostering cultural sensitivity in their classrooms. Most importantly, I expect to find that teachers expectations and perception of student achievement in the charter school will be inconsistent, and differ from those of teachers in the public school where there is a more diverse student population and that their attitudes will decrease the effectiveness of their classroom instruction, thereby hindering the academic achievement of their students. Another expected result of this research is that students of different races will have significantly different responses to the question of what their teachers expectations. I expect that while teachers may report that they have the same expectations for all of their students, interview responses from students may very well reveal that students are intuitive and sensitive to the differences in teacher expectation that may be communicated through subtle teacher behavior like how much they are encouraged to participate in class discussions compared to other students. Possible shortcomings of the methods in this proposed study are that this data collected in the manner previously stated does not provide true longitudinal data to track specific students experiences of racial integration or segregation and their resulting academic achievement beyond elementary school. A longitudinal study may follow this study in the future. Further considerations for methodology that may affect the outcomes of this study are the affect of overall student interracial experiences. Limitations to the proposed research methods are that no data will be collected that gives researchers information for what the out-of-school experiences for the students are; do they live in diverse neighborhoods or segregated communities? What are their parent interracial relationships and/or experiences that may inform them? In future research data may be collected on the degree to which students are segregated outside of school. To collect this data, student enrollment records would have to be collected, tracking the students by race and places of residence, which can be generally identified by area zip codes. The possible problem with collecting this data may be that some students actually live outside the neighborhood listed on records. This could affect the findings of this research by misrepresenting the correlation between in-school seg regation and neighborhood segregation that affect overall student segregation and academic performance. Another limitation of the interview method to collect data in this study is that students and teachers may answer as they feel they are expected to. This would make the data collected by interview about teacher rapport with students and expectations of students achievement inconsistent with data that may be collected through formal observations by researcher. As we see more school reforms that resemble business models and more charters, we also see more segregation. One possible implication of this research is that charter, which appear to contribute heavily to the re-segregation, will come under more stringent scrutiny and closer regulation. As for public schools that are a part of the board of education. Other possible implications of this research are that administrations will consider more professional development training for their teachers in eth way of preparing them to teach their diverse or non-diverse populations. As stated in the introduction of this proposal, one of the goals of public schooling is to produce critical thinkers who can function in what is becoming a more diverse global job market. Having said this, it is foreseeable that this research will be used to inform schools and educators to the extent to which they are meeting this requirement of public schooling or missing the mark. There sill also be a shift in the conversations that surround race in the school. Through the information gathered from the interview responses, teachers and administration will become aware of the disconnect between students experiences and teachers perception of students experiences.