Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Literary Comparison - 1484 Words

A Literary Comparison of â€Å"Fiesta 1980† and Fences Cultural Role in the Family Dynamic Arthur Junot Diaz was born in the Dominican Republic and with his family immigrated to the United States when he was only seven years old. His Hispanic cultural background influences his story and characters Diaz’s characters use Latin dialect throughout the story â€Å"Fiesta 1980†. Likewise August Wilson grew up in a black neighborhood up north that influenced his characters, setting, and dialect in Fences. Both Diaz and Miller wrote from a cultural perspective. Each Arthur depicted how it was to live and grow up in their particular culture. Through the use of culture both Diaz and Wilson portray how important it†¦show more content†¦If I was mad at you I’d tell you about it.† (Wilson, 1985, 1529) .They own a house and a small piece of property. Both Diaz and Wilson show how relevant the setting is in regard to the culture because it is vital in understanding the family dynamic. The members in both families were not entitled to opinions or input . Papi was going to drive the green Volkswagen van and Troy was going to live in the house his brother bought. The family is second to what both Papi and Troy want the desire first to be admired and respected for what material things they have acquired. In â€Å"Fiesta 1980† Papi uses the fact that he is Dominican and in his Hispanic culture he can cheat and get away with it. It is understood in most Latin cultures that if the man is the breadwinner and brings home the money then what he should not be questioned. Papi was arrogant and let the fact that he was head of his family cloud his better judgment. Papi should have protected his sons from his lies and infidelity’s. Instead, Papi would use to fact that he was a macho man and the head of the family to show his sons a lesson in cheating. Papi would take them around his mistress and expose them to that side of his life, the side of his life that should have not even existed. â€Å"I met the Puerto Rican woman right after Papi had gotten the van† (Diaz,1996,155). Papi would use to van as an excuse and take his son driving, trying to help his carShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis and Comparison of A Persistent Woman And Uncle Ernest495 Words   |  2 PagesL iterary Analysis and Comparison of A Persistent Woman And Uncle Ernest I have chosen to compare and analyse the openings of A persistent woman and Uncle Ernest because the both authors have used similar literary techniques to try and make the reader read on but it in very different ways. For example both extracts describe the main characters (Uncle Ernest and Temple) but in Uncle Ernest this is very explicit, describing his appearance in great detail. Just fromRead More Literary Comparison Of A Clock Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pages A Literary Comparison Of A Clockwork Orange and The Crucible nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The existence of evil in the world is a universal question that is often contemplated. Anthony Burgess and Arthur Miller in their novels A Clockwork Orange and The Crucible address this question of evil. One of these stories is set in the future, and the other in the past confirming the belief that the human struggle between good and evil is timeless and applies to every person in society. Throughout historyRead MoreA Dream Deferred - a Literary Comparison1878 Words   |  8 PagesThe Dream Deferred – A Comparison Kristy Andrews Axia College of University of Phoenix In Lorraine Hansberrys play A Raisin in the Sun, the author reveals a hard-working, honest African-American family struggling to make their dreams come true. Langston Hughes poem, Harlem, illustrates what could happen if those dreams never came to fruition. Together, both Hansberry and Hughes show the effects on human beings when a long-awaited dream is thwarted by economic and social hardships. Each ofRead More Chaos and Literary Comparison Essay example1261 Words   |  6 PagesChaos and Literary Comparison   Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: I will show how chaos is can be found in art, specifically in literature, and analyze John Hawkess Travesty to show the similarities between literature and chaos.    John Hawkes describes the artistic challenge as conceiving the inconceivable. In accordance with that thought, Wallace Stevens says, Imagination is the power that enables us to perceive the normal in the abnormal. It is arguable that chaos, deterministic disorder, is bothRead MoreNarrative Of A Mother Daughter1061 Words   |  5 Pageslanguage and metaphoric comparisons to communicate observations about the cycle of life and the pattern of replacement. In the main body of her poem, Olds lists a sequence of three key metaphoric comparisons between the woman and her daughter’s changing bodies. Both characters are experiencing small â€Å"previews† of their futures through developmental transformations, the younger a preview of womanhood and the older a preview of aging and ultimately future replacement. The comparison is made in the sameRead MoreLiterary Comparison Theme Essay example1528 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Theme The Cask of Amontillado is an 1846 short story by Edgar Allan Poe, which gives an account of Montresor, a man who executes a plan of vengeance against his friend, whom he claims insulted him. As the narrator in the story, Montresor provides a vivid image of his plan to lure Fortunato to his death, which ends in the eventual live burial of Fortunato. The theme of revenge is the most prominent element of this story, which enables the reader follow the narrator’s character, thus gainingRead MoreLiterary Comparison: Too Big to Fail and The Prince552 Words   |  2 PagesThe Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 has had a significant influence on society as a whole and made it possible for people to be able to acknowledge the critical condition they were in. Andrew Ross Sorkins book Too Big to Fail provides intriguing information concerning the crisis and presents readers with unique perspectives. When considering Niccolo Machiavellis book The Prince, one is likely to find a lot of parall els to Sorkins manuscript and the crisis is probable to seem less surprisingRead MoreEssay about Literary Comparison Flowers for Algernon vs Awakenings777 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Comparison Essay Flowers for Algernon VS Awakenings Most of us feel that were â€Å"different† in one way or another at some point in our lives. Being different, however, is not always the â€Å"bad† thing that we sometimes imagine it to be. In fact, Charles Evans Hughes once said, â€Å"When we lose the right to be different, we lose the privilege to be free.† Literature often portrays differences as a good thing, too. In Flowers for Algernon, for example, vary from others, that personRead MoreLiterary Comparison of of Mice and Men, the Pearl, and Cannery Row2335 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish II 2 May 2013 I Pledge John Steinbeck’s Literary Style John Steinbeck is an author who wrote in the early 1900s that makes use of setting, characterization, theme, irony, foreshadowing, and symbolism in his many novels. Steinbeck has modeled most of his work off of his own life. His home state, California, has been found to be the setting for some of his novels. Cannery Row, Of Mice and Men, and The Pearl are all novels by John Steinbeck. These novels not only encompass rich sensoryRead MoreThe Adjective5825 Words   |  24 Pagesinflexions leveled to -e and finally discarded (at the end of the Middle English period, 1400-1500). Thus in Modern English adjectives have no inflexions of case, number or gender. The only change of form that adjectives undergo is for degrees of comparison: long, longer, longest (synthetical forms); beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful (analytical forms). e.g. That was the longest way to the castle. Modern women live longer life. 1. As to word-building, the adjective possesses some typical

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Relationship Between Corporate And Corporate Social...

This essay will evaluate the relationship between Corporate Strategy, Corporate Social Responsibility and will give some examples in order to give an idea to companies why they should engage in CSR and the consequences of engaging on it. It has been told that engaging on Corporate Social Responsibility is a cost, but recently has been demonstrated that if it is well managed the money that you put on CSR implementation can be taken into account as an investment. Companies engage in CSR not only because moral questions, it has been demonstrated that CSR is a door to an increase in the reputation of the company. In the long term companies realize that customers really appreciate the engagement of the company to social or environmental activities. Managers nowadays realize on how the consumers mind are changing towards a more responsible consumption and how these consumers look for information on how the products they consume have been produced. So these managers in order to increase in a long term base the good reputation of the company are investing nowadays on changing their strategy and trying all the company to engage in responsible practices. As explained in more detail in this paper the consequences of engaging in CSR are worth more than the cost of changing the company’ strategy. Some of them are the increase of consumer loyalty, investor attractiveness, political stability and economic benefits. 2. – Methodology The procedure taken into accountShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility2613 Words   |  11 PagesIn recent years, the concept of ethics and social responsibility are essential in the business world as society is increasingly paying attention on the social responsibility of the companies and the ethics of their managers. According to Post et al (1996), ethics refers to standards of behaviour and moral judgement differentiating right from wrong. In addition, Bartol et al (2003) defined managerial ethics as â€Å"standards of conduct and moral judgement managers’ use conducting their business†. TheRead MoreThe Relationship Between Corporate Governance And Social Responsibility Essay2256 Words   |  10 Pages1. Relationship between corporate governance and social responsibility. Does a corporation have to act selflessly to be considered socially responsible? Of equal concern is the question of corporate social responsibility, what this means and how it can be operationalized. Therefore, several industries consider that their supremacy is suitable as they conform to the joint code on corporate governance, which came into effect 2003. Several companies respect corporate supremacy as a part of investorRead MoreThe Relationship Between Corporate Governance And Social Responsibility2248 Words   |  9 PagesRelationship between corporate governance and social responsibility. Does a corporation have to act selflessly to be considered socially responsible?   Of equal concern is the question of corporate social responsibility, what this means and how it can be operationalized. Therefore, several industries consider that their supremacy is suitable as they conform to the joint code on corporate governance, which came into effect 2003. Several companies respect corporate supremacy as a part of investor relationshipsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Corporate Governance And Social Responsibility Essay1777 Words   |  8 Pages1. What is the relationship between corporate governance and social responsibility? Does a corporation have to act selflessly to be considered socially responsible? Use a specific example to explain your answer. Corporate Governance is focused with holding the balance between social goals and economic as well as between individual and communal goals. The framework of the corporate governance is responsible in encouraging the effective custom of resources and equally to require accountability forRead MoreThe Relationship Between Tax Avoidance And Corporate Social Responsibility1507 Words   |  7 PagesThere is an ongoing debate about the relationship of tax avoidance with the corporate social responsibility (CSR) that companies undertake the responsibility for social welfare and development (Matten and Moon, 2008), and ethical behaviour of companies, which can be defined as govern the actions of an individual in the business organizations under contemporary standards (Ferrell and Gresham, 1985). Tax avoidance, which refers to companies use suitable methods to reduce the amount of tax within theRead MoreThe Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethic at the Leadership Leve l of Companies1691 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is corporate social responsibility (CSR)? According to the  ¡Ã‚ ®Wikipedia ¡Ã‚ ¯ ,  ¡Ã‚ °Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a company s obligation to be accountable to all of its stakeholders in all its operations and activities with the aim of achieving sustainable development not only in the economical dimension but also in the social and environmental dimensions. ¡Ã‚ ±(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility retrieved:10/09/07); another definition is that  ¡Ã‚ °CSR is about how companiesRead MorePersonal Motives For Corporate Social Responsibility933 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Corporate Social Responsibility (Graafland, J. Mazereeuw-Van der Duijn Schouten, C. 2012) analyze the motivations of directors to take responsibility for the labor, environmental and social aspects in business. It distinguishes the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by conducting a survey consisting of a sample of 473 executives. What is more, the motives are classified as three types: â€Å"financial motives† , which is external, â€Å"ethical and altruistic† which are internal. the corporate socialRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )863 Words   |  4 Pagescentury. The term of Corporate Social Responsibility appears more often into public’s concerned and it has become a hot issue in recent years. This essay is going to discuss and provide an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by debate some key issue in this area. 1.2 What is Corporate Social Responsibility? In 1953, Bowen’s Social Responsibility of the Businessman firstly discusses the idea of corporate social responsibility. He states the relationship between society and corporationsRead MoreAnalysis Of Social Responsibility Report And Annual Report Of The Company953 Words   |  4 PagesThrough the analysis of social responsibility report and annual report of the company, this essay uses the case analysis and correlation analysis to discuss the relevance between company’s social obligation and its economic performance. The article will first define the corporate social responsibility. Secondly, it will introduce the previous research and their conclusions. Then it will analyze the case of Lenovo. Finally, it will summarize the research results and give suggestions for enterprisesRead MoreThe Impact Of Business On The Environment889 Words   |  4 Pagesoperates and the global environment as a whole can be affected by an organization s action. Crowther et al. list some of such effects as: †¢ The utilization of natural resources as a part of its production processes †¢ The effected of competition between itself and other organizations in the same market †¢ The enrichment of a local community through the creation of employment opportunities †¢ Transformation of the landscape due to raw material or waste product storage †¢ The distribution of wealth created

Monday, December 9, 2019

Alternative Sources of Energy

Question: Should cars using fossil fuels be replaced by car using alternative sources of energy? Answer: Introduction We are mere small creatures in this huge and wide world, and to grasp this big world and its resources we have produced numerous inventions that facilitate us in conquering this phenomenon. One of the most creative and needed invention was transport. Cars, trucks, buses and other vehicles are the modern day descendants of the age-old invention. However, cars burn fossil fuels (petroleum and diesel) that originates from the decaying of pre-historic plants and animals for millions of years. Fossil fuels are the sole resources, which serve most of the worlds energy needs. The fossil fuel reserves, if extinguished then the world would enter an era of energy deficiency. Statistical data reveals at present the globe contains 892 billion tons of coal, 186 trillion cubic meters of natural gas, and 1688 billion barrels of crude oil. Taking into account todays level of fuelextraction, coal will be consumed in around 113 years from now, the last cubic meter of natural gas and crude oil will be consumed by 2069.Hence alternative sources of energy demands immediate attention to replace the existing sources of energy (Lerner and Lerner, 2006). How is acid rain and photochemical smog affecting the environment due to fossil fuel usage? Destructive disadvantages of using fossil fuels are the formation of acid rain and photochemical smog (smoke + fog). In acid rain, Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid (eq. a), which is highly corrosive. Then the acid bifurcates to give out two ions, positively charged H+ hydrogen ion and the negatively charged HCO3- or hydrogen carbonate ion (eq. b). The hazardous carbonic acid is capable of giving out numerous H+ ions that make it rather more acidic and lowers the ph of a solution as to its acidic nature. 1. CO2 + H2O H2CO3(equation a) 2. H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- (equation b) Atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen react to form two moles of Nitric oxide during lightning storms. This reaction adds to the acidic content of rainwater in a harmful way (eq. c). Resulting Nitric oxide reacts with the commonly found oxygen gas to form Nitrogen dioxide thus undergoing oxidation (eq. d) (Payne, Hahn and Mauer, 2013). 3. N2 (g) + O2(g) 2NO(gaseous) During lightning (equation c) 4. NO(g) + O2(g) NO2 (gaseous)(equation d) 5. 3NO2(g) + H2O 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)(equation e) Photochemical exhaust cloud or photo smog, frequently experienced in the Los Angeles Basin, is the resultant mixture of gases Ozone and Nitrogen dioxide. During ozone formation in the atmosphere, photolysis of nitrogen dioxide (from vehicle exhausts) occurs by the approaching solar radiation thus resulting in nitrogen oxide and an oxygen atom (unpaired) (Gosselin and Hrudey, 2010). The luminous (UV) radiation (h) from the sun causes photolysis of nitrogen dioxide from vehicle exhausts and thus nitrogen dioxide changes into Nitrogen Oxide (equation a). NO2 + hv (radiation from sun) NO + O (eq. a) Then the oxygen molecule forms ozone with another atmospheric ozone molecule (equation b) O + O2 O3(eq. b) If the parameters are orderly then, O3 reacts with NO to create NO2 and an oxygen atom (equation c). O3 + NO O2 + NO2(eq. c) This constant cycle results to a minimal increment in net ozone generation (Brown, 2002). To make photochemical smog on a large scale as seen in Los Angeles, the methodology must incorporate Volatile organic compounds (VOC's). Further research reveals that VOCs presence causes an accelerated build-up of smog. An example of the starting reaction is as follows: A reactive VOC particle is the product of atmospheric hydroxide and a normal VOC (equation d) RH + OH R + H2O (eq. d) Article analysis Suitability The text is understandable and comprehensive. Some excerpts are Automobiles, water transport and trains would be fueled by power and hydrogen energy units Be it India, U.S.A or Australia, the article is relevant. The subheadings, headings and the overall information are widely used and it helped in the analysis of the project topic. Accuracy The article is perfect and devoid of any grammatical or spelling errors. The information is 3 years old as it was publish in 2011, January (Tulchinsky and Varavikova, n.d.). It holds no contrast to any other source. Credibility The author stated about and relevant information on him is found on Google. The contact number and the designation add to its credibility. Scientists verify the information as it comes from a research (Breslow, 2002). The domain is .Edu. Bias The resource presents an all-round point of view on the topic, with the apolitical and non-philosophical approach by the author. The article is purely scientific. The resource is not trying to influence my opinion and it is not selling any product or information. The language used is scientific and objective. Some examples are: One of the greatest obstacles with solar energy and wind oriented vitality is that both can be exceedingly variableThe author uses non-stereotypical and generalized observations to base the topic. Thus in overall the article is apt for the paper. Conclusion Thus by the paper we havecome to the inference that the world is in a critical need of an alternative energy source. Vehicles is the considered resource for this swap as they consume most of the world energy and the fossil fuels reserves are limited. In overall it is imperative that we initiate an in depth research to fulfill this major project. References Anderson, R. (2006).Outbreak. Washington, D.C.: ASM Press. Breslow, L. (2002).Encyclopedia of public health. New York: Macmillan Reference. Brown, P. (2002).Health and the environment. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Gosselin, P. and Hrudey, S. (2010).Environmental and health impacts of Canada's oil sands industry. Ottawa: Royal Society of Canada. Lerner, K. and Lerner, B. (2006).Medicine, health, and bioethics. Detroit: Thomson/Gale. Lynch, A., Elmore, B. and Kotecki, J. (n.d.).Health. Meyers, R. (2012).Encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology. New York: Springer. Morley, N. (2012). The effects of radioactive pollution on the dynamics of infectious diseases inwildlife.Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 106, pp.81-97. Payne, W., Hahn, D. and Mauer E. (2013).Understanding your health. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Schneider, M. (2011).Introduction to public health. Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Stanford University, (2015).The world can be powered by alternative energy, using today's technology, in 20-40 years, says Stanford researcher Mark Z. Jacobson. [online] Available at: https://news.stanford.edu/news/2011/january/jacobson-world-energy-012611.html [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Tulchinsky, T. and Varavikova, E. (n.d.).The new public health.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Well Paid Receptionist free essay sample

I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas of words, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student Signature: Amy Bukovich ******************************************* Instructor’s Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: A Practical Application of Market-Based and Value Driven Management for Tyco International Amy Bukovich Nova Southeastern University Based upon the principles of economics, every firm’s goal main goal is to create long-term sustainable profitability. In order to attain this goal a firm must understand Value Over Time (VOT) maximization and the relationship both short and long-term goals have in profit maximization. In reviewing the Well Paid Receptionist Case Analysis it is evident that Troupville Business Solutions (TBS) misjudged the time horizon when making critical decisions that would affect their future financial obligations. TBS: Background and Problem Identification Troupville Business Solutions was founded seven years ago by Harvey Finley, an experienced service technician and well networked sales associate for copy machines. We will write a custom essay sample on The Well Paid Receptionist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the time Harvey decided to capitalize on his technical competence and sales experience, Troupville was recovering from a severe recession. To many in the small town of 35,000 the business venture was risky but Harvey believed with his comparative advantages in the industry, paired with a competent staff, he could realize his dream. In the beginning, Harvey had a shoestring budget which barely gave him the financial means to higher an employee needed to play both the role of secretary and general assistant. Harvey was looking for someone that not only the held technical skills required to fulfill daily tasks but someone that was just as passionate and in-tune to the vision he had for his company. He found this in Cathy Brannen, an educated administration assistant with seven years experience with two separate companies who both vowed that she was the best employee they have had in any position. Because of Cathy’s exceptional attributes as an employee she earned herself a salary of $15,900, which was higher than both the average salary for the area and Harvey’s budget at $14,000. Harvey was reluctant to guarantee a large salary because of the uncertainty regarding the future of the firm, so to entice Cathy to commit he decided to offer a 2% sales over-ride contingency to her contract that at the time created no substantial financial obligation. In the short-term it provided Harvey with the assets needed to create an opportunity for success; his ideal employee with an incentive based contract that freed up cash for current operations. After seven years and an evolving business plan Harvey had experienced success, unforeseen even to himself. He contributes some of his current success to Cathy, as he recognized she had proven to be a truly indispensable asset. Cathy grew with the company, becoming just as knowledgeable as Harvey in all facets of the company while maintaining her official position as secretary. With the growth Harvey expanded his staff to include 17 employees, including Frank, the company comptroller. Having an increased number of professional salespersons decreased the level of support Cathy was providing to customers and allowed her more time to spend on her expanding secretarial duties. With the seemingly over night success and the expanding business Harvey naturally delegated many functions to his employees, such as financial management to Frank. With this said it was surprise to Harvey to find that Cathy, his secretary, was making twice as much as his other employees earning $127k in the business year, with her salary increasing each year with continued success. Harvey is faced with the dilemma of determining whether the value Cathy has added to his company since its inception warrants her current and future increasing compensation. Troupville Business Solution’s Value Drivers Before we can identify the alternatives to Harvey’s issue we must first examine Troupville Business Solution’s Value Drivers. By examining the values that each party holds we can better understand their current and possible future actions. In the case of the Well Paid Receptionist there are two main Value Drivers: Employee and Owner. Employee’s Values Understanding employee values is extremely important for management as many companies consider employee’s to be their greatest asset. To create value it is important that employees’ values are congruent with organizational values (Pohlman, 1997). Decision makers have to recognize what each employee values and determine ways in which they can be incorporated into the organization to create the most success. Once firms find employees with values congruent to the organization it is a continuous process to ensure employee, customer and the organization’s cultural value remain harmonious. With this continuous harmonization process management will have to make decision but they will have to account for the how they both will impact their employees and VOT (Pohlman, 1997). In the case of the Well Paid Receptionist, the two parties that represent employee values are Cathy Brannen and generalized all other employees in the firm. Throughout the alternative analysis I will examine the affect each option has on these parties and the overall impact it will have on VOT. Owner’s Values Owner’s values have a simpler and more direct focus than those of the employee because they center on one component, the owner. The Owner’s values create the framework for a firm’s success. Based upon basic economic principles every firm’s primary goal is usually to maximize profits, which leads to VOT maximization (Thomas amp; Maurice, 2011). All employees must recognize that they are entrusted with the assets of the organization to reach the owner’s objectives (Pohlman, 1997). In the case of the Well Paid Receptionist, only one party represents the owner’s values, Harvey Finley. Throughout the alternatives analysis I will examine the affect each option has on these parties and the overall impact it will have on VOT. Alternative Analysis with Implementation Plan In order to reach a viable solution to the issue Harvey is faced with he will have to account for all alternatives and analyze the impact they have on the both his companies Value Drivers and on VOT. As stated by Pohlman, â€Å"Most decisions that decision-makers make will not be simple, black-and-white or clear-cut. Instead they will be very complex and will require a great deal of subjective judgment†(p. 9). The alternatives that I think Harvey should examine are taking no action, reducing Cathy’s salary to the market rate, changing the scope of Cathy’s responsibilities to warrant compensation, and change sales based incentive to a profit-sharing incentive. Status Quo When evaluating any alternatives the first that should be examined is taking no action. This would have the greatest impact on owner’s values and a negative impact on VOT. As portrayed in Table 1, over 10 years Harvey would expect to pay Cathy $1. 9 million which would represent a 239% increase in compensation based on current growth rates of 15%. Also, her current salary is XXX% higher than Harvey’s highest paid manager. Based upon Cathy’s current responsibilities that have shifted towards a secretarial focus, the magnitude of compensation does not coincide with the value she adds to the company. Based on the owner’s values, Frank should have recognized that assets were misappropriated and notified Harvey prior. Harvey would still be facing the dilemma he is currently in now but he could have corrected the issue earlier, allowing him the possibility of harmonizing the companies Value Driver’s to maximize VOT creating both short and long-term value. There would also be an effect on employee’s values if there were no change, more so for all other employees. Cathy’s personal VOT would increase based on projected growth and most likely her values would remain congruent with those of the company due to her incentive based compensation. The other employees could be adversely affected if compensation based on merit and responsibility is valued to them. As stated in the case, many employees were aware of Cathy’s compensation and thus could have feelings of resentment towards the company leading to less productivity. Ultimately, this would have a negative impact on the company’s VOT because with less productivity from employees, Harvey should expect a decline in profit. Compensation Based on Market Salary As stated by Pohlman, â€Å"Organizations should not be committed to long-term rigid budgets or strategic plans especially those that are created at the top of the organization†(p. 11). In this case, Harvey misjudged the time horizon for his company’s success which Cathy’s compensation was based upon. With his success it has allowed him the opportunity to hire staff that he could assign to positions in which they have a comparative advantage. Since Cathy spends a majority of her time focused on secretarial tasks Harvey could reduce Cathy’s salary to match the market rate of $25,000. From an owner’s values perspective this would create the most value in both the short and long term time horizons. As portrayed in Table 1, if Harvey would change Cathy’s salary to the Market Rate in the current year he would save $121,756. 34 in the first year alone, which almost matches the amount her salary was in the previous year. In addition, within the table’s time frame it would save Harvey almost $1. 5 million and decrease his average expenditure by 88%. From an employee’s values perspective, Cathy would be impacted the greatest with a possible small effect on all other employees. As portrayed by the Table-1, Cathy would experience an 83% decrease in salary in the first year alone. Based upon Value Based Management principles, it is the employee’s responsibility to maximize their VOT. From a knowledge standpoint Cathy has maximized her VOT by becoming knowledgeable in all facets of the company as it grew which also allowed her to benefit financially due to her incentive based contract up to this point. As stated by Landsburg, â€Å"People respond to incentives† (as cited in Pulman, 1997). If Cathy’s incentive is taken away, her personal VOT is adversely affected, so much so that it could lead to a decrease in productivity if monetary compensation was a personal value. Her decrease in productivity would also have a negative impact on the company’s value since she is the first to greet clients both in the office and over the phone. With a decrease in Cathy’s compensation Harvey now has the option to invest the savings back into his company or invest in his employees in the form of bonuses, including Cathy. This would have a positive impact on employee moral that could possibly lead to higher productivity and thus would have a positive affect on VOT. Change In Responsibilities Cathy has become an indispensable asset to the company as she has gained both tacit and explicit knowledge since she became the company’s first employee. Although Harvey had the vision for the company, Cathy could arguably be equally as responsible for the success and $1 million in equity that Harvey has built in the company. As stated by Pohlman, â€Å"For knowledge to create value is must be properly used† (p. 8). From an Owner’s Values perspective, Harvey is limiting the value added to the company by restricting Cathy to her to a secretarial role and thus misappropriating her as an asset. If Harvey were to create a role in the company that would exploit the knowledge Cathy has accumulated and allow her to utilize it to benefit the company it could warrant the magnitude of her salary. This would create no relative change for the company’s financial obligations as 2% of sales have always been earmarked for Cathy’s salary, but it could increase the company’s long-term VOT based upon Cathy’s knowledge being properly applied. From an Employee’s Values standpoint, changing Cathy’s scope of responsibilities is beneficial to both Cathy and all other employees. Cathy would be empowered with greater responsibilities, as well as, maintaining her incentive based contract that should compel her to maximize her personal VOT, thus increasing the value added to the company. In Cathy’s new role, other employees could have the opportunity to learn from her experiences and apply that knowledge to their tasks to increase their productivity. This will also increase the company’s VOT, both in the short and long term. Profit-Sharing The last alternative presented still keeps Cathy’s salary as incentive based but its applied on profits instead of sales. According to Thomas and Maurice, â€Å"Increasing revenues does not necessarily increase profit and may even lower profit†(p. 19). Although Harvey has experienced success with using a sales based incentive it could have been adversely affecting his net profit. If a profit-sharing incentive plan replaced Cathy’s current compensation plan it would compel her to be more diligent in maximizing the value for all facets of operations and not just sales. This will also harmonize owner and employee’s values, as they would both be focused on maximizing their bottom line, which again is affected by all aspects of operations. With the information provided it is difficult to measure the value that can be added because the COGS was not a figure provided in the case. Without this line item on the financials Cathy’s compensation cannot be calculated, but if the 2% incentive basis is still applied it can be assumed to be much lower than that if compensation was based on sales Implementation Plan As stated earlier, decisions are not clear-cut and require a great deal of subjective judgment. With this said I believe Harvey’s best alternative is a hybrid of the last two options: Change in Responsibilities and Profit-Sharing Incentives. ***Check paper for comparative advantage References Cousins, R. B. (1992). The well-paid receptionist. La Grange College: Case Research Journal, 12(1), 1-5. Pohlman, R. A. (1997). Value Driven Management, Faculty Working Paper 97-01, School of Business and Entrepreneurship, Nova Southeastern University. Thomas, C. amp; Maurice, S. (2011). Managerial economics: Foundations of business analysis and strategy (10th ed. ) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill